August, 1909 
AMERICAN HOMES AND GARDENS 
a black hair-cloth sofa, a rocking-chair and 
six cane-bottomed chairs. On a cherry table 
lay the family Bible, a copy of “Josephus,” 
and another of “Foxe’s Book of Martyrs.”” On 
the shelf over the fireplace stood two iron can- 
dlesticks for common use, and two of brass for 
company. Everybody knew how to snuff a 
candle with his fingers and not get burned, 
but snuffers were provided on a little tray, 
that worked much like shears. Stoves began 
to innovate, and a stovepipe ran up through 
the floor to warm the attic. The warming- 
pan was provided for the spare bed, and a 
foot-stove was carried to church with a basin 
of coals inside for the use of women. This 
was the only heat that orthodoxy allowed in- 
side the churches. 
This fashion held on until about 1840. 
About this time the gables were turned 
around, so that the side of the house faced 
the street. The door was invariably placed 
in the middle, and opened into a capacious 
hall. Style demanded one large room on 
each side of this hall, and a stairway reach- 
ing the second floor where the same arrange- 
ment was repeated. One side of the hall, 
both upstairs and down, was devoted to visit- 
ors, and when these were lacking were care- 
fully shut up against dust. ‘The result was 
a charge of must that permeated every article 
as well as the walls. The attic now became 
a garret or third story, a sort of storeroom 
for everything that was sacrificed to fashion. 
It generally contained also a chest of old 
papers, for as yet every paper or pamphlet 
was sacredly preserved. To the rear was al- 
most surely a wing, including the kitchen and 
“buttery,” for the kitchen was no longer the 
soul of the home. The old-fashioned stoop 
gave way to porches—the stoop was an inside 
hollow space, and the porch was the same 
space outside. The stoop was borrowed from 
the Dutch, and was a cozy social place for 
resting after meals in warm weather. One 
more token of pride and style was the dis- 
placement of the seven by nine panes of glass; 
these becoming eight by ten. 
About 1840 the dominance of classical 
studies in the schools and academies began 
to tell on home life. A few New England 
homesteads had already been standing behind 
huge porticos large enough for Socrates and 
his pupils to discuss world problems. Now 
these classical inspirations began to follow 
New England colleges and the whole line of 
westward migration. It was in 1825 that 
the Erie Canal was finished, and the tide of 
pioneers flowed over New York and _ into 
Ohio and Michigan. Michigan University 
was founded as early as 1818. It was, how- 
ever, fully 1840 before the classical spirit 
affected common life. This Greek-temple busi- 
ness, however, fortunately did not last very 
long with our Yankee forebears. It did one 
good thing in the passing, it gave a large 
stimulus to out-door life, for the porch was 
seldom pinched, and even our modern veranda 
builders can take a hint from its roominess. 
An evolution of a more complex sort be- 
gan about 1850. We were all burning coal 
at last, and there were half a dozen stoves 
to a roomy house, with sometimes a grate or 
two. These stoves were a mass of gloomy 
iron, and it was a sorry failure that tried to 
make them ornamental with open fronts. 
This use of coal and stoves accomplished this 
much, that they broke up concentration, and 
provided more private rooms and individu- 
ality. Houses lost their uniformity, and each 
occupant of a house, now having his own 
room, liked to have it provided with a closet, 
and a bayed window or porch. A vast variety 
of styles was the consequence. Independence 
was in the ascendency and criticism was free. 
There were some very cozy and some very 
beautiful houses built, but this made all the 
When You Buy Hose Buy RUBBER HOSE | 
hat’s the only kind of hose that iz 
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don’t think it is necessarily rubber inside. 
hose is 
— 
Vy 
iM 
And because a hose has a rubber cover || Yf 
The usual 
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Here is 
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The whole 
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begin to 
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Electric Hose 
ane . 
wut? 
SS 
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No. 1. Cottage Designs 
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Want To Tell You How 
Electric Hose & Rubber Co. 
Wilmington, Del. 
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This Tea House on exhibition in our warerooms ready for immediate shipment 
We Put 
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361 BROADWAY : NEW YORK 
