EARLY HISTORY OF SINGAPORE, JOHORE & MALACCA. 259 
An inscription of 924 A.D. of prince Sri Wijayaloka of East 
Java speaks of Ujong Galoh = Ujong Putri = Jong Galoh or the 
Hujung Galoh of Erlangga’s inscription. Galoh ‘ jewel > = jauhar 
(Arabic) = Johore, and the name fits the honorific Ratna-parayana 
of the old Javanese Ramayana and the “ Golden Chersonese ” of 
Ptolemy, whose Sabana will correspond with the XVIth century 
Straits of Sabang and be the Karimuns, Hasin or Galoh. Was it 
from the Biduanda Kallang of Kallang river that the mysterious 
Kalang:, prisoners of war mentioned in old Javanese romance, 
came? Among the Solo regalia (wpachara) are a Snake (Arda- 
walike) and a ” Roe (Garuda) ; among the Jokja regalia only the 
Snake. These must be symbols of the victory of ‘Erlangga’s as 
Vishnus’s Garuda over the ‘Snake’ princes of Wurawari, Hasin, 
Langka, just as of the other regalia an Elephant symbolizes Patih 
Gajahmada, a Cock Hayam Wuruk and a Buffalo-Calf Java’s 
victory over Menangke(r)bau and so on. To this day a Garuda 
is the symbol of Hindu Bali (first conquered by Java in Erlangga’s 
time), while the Muslim mosques and art of Java took a Snake as 
the symbol of Islam’s victory over Hinduism. 
Apparently about 1135 A.D. Daha brought Galoh nearly to 
Hine aw anyie tale) (Bij kon Inst 22 Vile 1863) speaks of a 
Klana Tunjong-Seta, prince of the island Kenchana, (= “ gold” 
and ? the “ Golden Chersonese ”), who desiring to win a Daha 
princess, Dewi Angreni, (or Raden Galoh), attacked Java and 
failed, slain by Pangeran Klana Jayang Sari, alias Raden Panji 
Kuda Wanengpati, a prince of Jenggala in the service of the ruler 
of Kediri. The people of Kenchana and three princes were carried 
captive to Java. Perhaps the Séjarah Mélayu (chapters 14 and 
19) show that Middle Java and Ujong Tanah once came to grips 
and that Malacca, or really Galoh, had to do with Daha in the 
Panji period. 
Though the early Portuguese knew nothing of Galoh, Gang- 
gayu or Langka, the Séjarah Mélayu (chapter 1) connects Gang- 
gayu with Johore and interprets the word to mean “a treasure- 
house of jewels,” which fits both galoh and jauhar. 
Between 1275 when Kertanagara of Tumapel sent his ill-fated 
expedition against Palembang and Marco Polo’s visit in 1292, 
apparently Kertanagara had destroyed Mahasin 1.e. old Singapore 
(Séjarah Mélayu. chapter 5). But Marco Polo mentions “Pen- 
tam” or Bintan, whither perhaps one band of fugitives had fled, 
and the Séjarah Mélayu records how the founders of the new town 
Tumasik came from Bintan. ‘The Javanese name, Tumasik, may 
have been given by men of Tumapel, who, after Majapahit 
triumphed over their country in 1293 owing to the absence of 
Tumapel’s forces in Palembang, s stayed in Sumatra and the Malay 
islands. Probably Kertanagara’ s attack on Hasin drove sea Malays 
(wong asin) not only to Bintan but to Muar and “ Malacca lands,” 
opposite which were the “ Five Islands” that in early Chinese 
charts take the place of Malacca. Majapahit’s attack about 1360 
R. A. Soc., No. 86 1922 
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