BODY TEMPERATURE AND COMFORT. 65 



concerned the conditions were similar to those given for Bungalow 

 No. I. The wet and dry bulb readings were 76.3° and 81.4° res- 

 pectively for No. I., and 76.7° and 81.5° respectively for No. II. 

 Why then did No. II feel much hotter? Because it is situate 

 almost on sea level, and it is closely surrounded on three sides by 

 hills and dwellings. The fourth side is not open, but the hills and 

 dwellings here are further off and very rarely a breeze finds its way 

 in by this side. There were no electric fans ; had these been avail- 

 able the conditions would have been much improved. Heat is lost 

 by radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation. The skin 

 and respiratory tract are especially concerned. Eadiation, con- 

 duction and convection from the body are lessened in a warm at- 

 mosphere; and a moist atmosphere retards evaporation; but a 

 breeze aids conduction and convection and cools the skin. There- 

 fore, in our warm and moist climate, maximum use should be made 

 of any breeze that is available and hill sites should be chosen for 

 bungalows. All buildings should be supplied with electric fans. 



Taiping Hill, Perak. Chart V shows the records obtained 

 during a holiday on this comfortable hill-station 3,400 feet above 

 sea level. Only once or twice, for short periods, did the subject 

 feel uncomfortably hot and on these occasions the axillary tem- 

 perature was 97.6° or more. The average wet and dry bulb read- 

 ings were 68.7° and 71.3° respectively. The average axillary 

 temperature was 96.9° and the average mouth temperature 98.1". 

 Fires and warm clothing were employed after 5 p.m. 



' Katoomba, Blue Mountains, Australia. — 'Several months were 

 spent near Katoomba, 2,300 feet above the sea.. Some few days 

 were fairly hot, but on the whole the weather was wet and 

 cool, the wet bulb average being 66.2° and the dry bulb 67.6°. 

 The average axillary temperature was 97.2° and the average mouth 

 temperature was 97.8°. Warm clothing and fires were used fre- 

 quently. 



Summary. 



It will be seen from Chart YII that so long as the axillary 

 temperature of the subject, under observation, was about 97°, he 

 felt comfortable. A rise to 97.6° produced an uncomfortably hot 

 feeling. For each person there will be similar temperatures, vary- 

 ing slightly in each case. 



It is of interest to note that in the breezy bungalow No. I. 

 Singapore, the axillary temperature was about the same as that 

 given for various cooler climates. A bungalow properly built, 

 equipped and placed in Singapore, offers very comfortable con- 

 ditions. In our warm and moist climate maximum use should 

 be made of any available breeze and hill sites should be chosen for 

 residences. There is no doubt that, in unfavourably placed resi- 

 dences, the temperature of the body is higher than it should be. 

 It may be only slightly higher, but this is sufficient to produce 

 considerable discomfort and in time, considerable damage to health. 



R. A. Soc, No. 80, 1919. 



