INFLUENCE OF AGE ON VALUE OF COWS AND HORSES. 9 
Taste IV.—Influence of age on values of Ayrshire cows. (Averages of 416 estimates by 
owners, based on arbitrary values assumed for a certain fixed age)—Continued. 
Purebred Ayrshire cow worth €200| Purebred Ayrshire cow worth $300 
at 3 years of age. at 3 years of age. 
Age. 
North North- United North North- United 
Central eastern States, all Central eastern States, all 
States. States. sections. States. States. sections. 
TEAR H al a eae Bae eye Cea em nea $44 $42 $44 $67 $65 $66 
GINO MUS esse ay ee 7. 68 70 99 98 98 
Pyiean essere ve tect Mae go ols 8 108 101 103 145 138 140 
DV CAT Seapets Self lett a8) aia 155 148 150 224 210 212 
BRUCAT SR ee ees a ae ek ee 200 200 200 300 300 300 
ASOT Sty se cars ay po ape a Sr at 233 228 230 322 335 333 
DRVICATS Nereis ot cess qureenetee are rads): 243 255 253 345 361 357 
GiyearSe ai Gosek se eee oD 250 266 262 3990 371 367 
UAV CATS a pee Ae 3 2s Bee IS Le 245 265 258 342 360 355 
SHY CAlSe rd ope ae sees Gael = Se 233 252 244 322 342 335 
OUVEATSE a ae abs Soa a ae 209 229 222 290 299 286 
TO) Sy Gehisi, SoS Sasa soo e Bese eceeeae 191 202 196 248 252 250 
MLV CES es Me 8 es eee 166 168 165 210 212 210 
UDEV CATS eps cies ee emia | 142 132 134 172 171 170 
IBAViCAIS Sas soso ees Gees See Sse 113 99 103 130 130 129 
Way CanSmeeee eater eee per aac 87 74 78 100 90 90 
Number of estimates. ... 23 51 "i | 10 46 59 
GENERAL DISCUSSION OF PRECEDING TABLES. 
With few exceptions, the preceding tables indicate that calves 
and old cows are cheaper in the Northeastern States, and that cows 
between the ages.of 4 and 8 are cheaper in the North Central States. 
For all breeds, and for all classes of all breeds, the price of cows in 
health is greatest between 5 and 7 years, with the maximum usually at 
6. They are valued about the same at 4 as at 8. The explanation 
for this may be that though the younger animals have before them a 
longer period of usefulness, the older ones have already demonstrated 
their worth. In all the tables the 14-year-old values for pure-bred 
cows are much greater than for grades. This may be partly due to 
higher average milk production, but it is undoubtedly more largely 
due to the possibility that these cows may yet produce valuable calves. 
The cow worth $80 at 3 years of age is given a birth value of about 
$10, while the cow worth $100 at that age is given a birth value of 
about $12. Similarly the difference in value between the two classes 
of pure-bred cows at 3 years of age is $100, while the difference in 
value at birth is in no case above $30, leaving a margin of at least 
$70 to cover interest on larger investment, risk of a greater possible 
loss, and any extra expense for feed or care. 
