o2 CIRCULAR 925, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 
TaBLE 15.—Average production and income of herds on moderately and 
heavily grazed range, 1935-43} 
Tem Moderately Heavily 
grazed range | grazed range 
WES 6G) Gs pots ee ee number_-_ 297 207 
Income trom: ewess) = Ss ee $891.00 $621 .00 
Breeding ewess2 5" 222. See 3s ee number- - 2,610 2,900 
Bam bocropess 2a ae eh ees ee ee d@_=== 2,297 2,015 
bambstheld 523). 5 ee ee des2= 390 450 
Tambs sold 232 ee ea eee doLe= 1,907 1,565 
Weight-ob lambs sold-2= ee pounds_- 143 ,025 109, 550 
Hale. price per pounds. =e. ee ee $0 .085 $0.08 
Income tromstam bso se Pe Piel Oo ielS $8 , 764.00 
Ewes sheared_-_-_-_-___ pee Soe tet een bee number _-_ 2,953 , 2,878 
Rleeceswelrht.= 22 2 6 se pounds_- 10 9 
Wroolsproduceds¢ so Ss 2 ese oe ee dose) 29,530 25 , 902 
Income from _wool!.= t-te ee eet ete TO oo eOU $9,065.70 
Incomes rom: peltss2< 2 ae eee $46 .50 $121.50 
(GhOSSaN COM Se a es ee | $23,430.13 $18,572.20 
Costs 3s ee ee a Se ee $13,050.00 $13,500.00 
ING tINCOMC Ses 2 es a ee | $10,380.13 | $5,072.20 
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1 Data for herds A and B, which grazed alternately on the two areas, combined by 
treatment and recomputed on the basis of 3,000 head. 
2 Sale price of wool $0.35 per pound. 
3 All operating costs, including taxes, replacements, labor, feed, and miscellaneous. 
Costs of operations and prices received are those that prevailed during 
the period of the study. Wool sales were not uniform for the two herds. 
In some years the wool was sold; in other years one or more of the op- 
erators shipped it on consignment to Boston. To eliminate the 
difference in sale method and prices obtained for wool, $0.35 per pound 
was used to compute the income for wool for the two flocks. This is 
approximately the average sale price of wool prevailing during the 
study. Higher prices and operational costs now prevailing would no 
doubt affect the total income. However, the comparisons between 
moderate and heavy grazing would be proportionate to the values given. 
Average net return from the herds on moderately grazed range was 
slightly more than twice as great as that from the herds on heavily 
grazed range. Annual net income per head from moderate grazing was 
$3.46 as compared with $1.69 per head for heavy grazing. 
The greater net return on the moderately grazed range areas was 
directly attributable to the generally better conditions of the sheep 
there. Death losses were lower, fewer lambs were needed for replace- 
ment, and a greater number could be sold. The herds on moderately 
grazed range also had a larger number of breeding ewes. Because of 
these interrelated factors these herds produced for market 31 percent 
more lamb, 43 percent more mutton, and 14 percent more wool. In 
addition lambs, being approximately 5 pounds heavier, sold on the 
average for one-half cent more per pound. 
Costs of operation during the period of study were greater in all 
years for the herds that grazed at heavy intensity. This was primarily 
because of increased expenditures for ewes in poor condition, including 
trucking and feeding costs. The greater replacement costs after heavier 
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