4 BULLETIN 408, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table 1. — Destruction of fly larvse in horse manure — Results with poisonous plant 



materials. 

 [Cage experiments, Bethesda, Md., 1915.] 



No. 



Material used. 



Form used. 



Treatment of 8 



bushels of manure 



using 10 gallons 



of infusion 



(amount of plant 



material used per 



10 gallons). 





Apparent 



Flies 

 emerged 

 (number). 



larvicidal 



effect (per 



cent of 



control 





average). 



338 



54 



431 



42 



207 



60 



40 



92 



378 



26 



92 



82 







100 



583 



21 



827 



50 



1,009 



39 



2,317 







2,433 







2,726 







587 







198 



62 



23 



97 



187 



75 



116 



92 



53 



97 



976 



41 



1,828 







1,492 



9 



305 



59 



604 



18 



1,045 



30 



797 



46 



672 



55 



573 



65 



716 



57 



284 



81 



418 



72 



3,553 







2,423 







1,583 







44 



. 97 



2,501 







727 



52 



2,282 







1,308 



12 



1,123 



25 



Flies emerged 



from control 



cages. 



Num- 

 ber. 



Asclepias (Asclepias 



tuberosa). 

 Berberis (Berberis 



aquifolium). 

 Bitter-sweet {Solanum 



dulcamara). 

 Black hellebore (Hel- 



leborus niger). 

 Black locust (Robinia 



pseudacacia). 



Castor bean (Ricinu-s 

 communis). 



Cinchona ( Cinchona 



succirubra). 

 Hellebore ( Veratrum 



viride). 



Hemlock, poison (Co- 

 nium maculatum). 



Jaborandi (Pilocarpus 

 jaborandi). 



Jamaica dogwood (Pis- 

 cina erythrina). 



Larkspur (Delphinium 

 sp.). 



Laurel (Kalmia lati- 

 folia). 



Quassia (Picrasma ex- 

 celsa). 



Soapweed (Agave le- 

 cheguilla). 



Powdered root... 

 ....do 



Powdered entire 



plant. 

 Powdered root 



Powdered bark.. . 



Ground cake. 



Powdered bark.. 

 Powdered root . . . 



Powdered fruit. . . 

 Powdered leaves. 



Powdered bark of 

 roots. 



Ground seeds... 



Dried leaves 



Powdered chips. 

 Macerated roots . 



/A, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



fA, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound — 



fA, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



fA, | pound 



\B, | pound 



fA, 1 pound 



\B, | pound 



[A, 4 pounds... 

 B, 2 pounds. .. 



{C, 1 pound 



D, 1 pound 



IE, 1 pound 



fA, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



fA, J pound • . . 

 \B, J pound 1 ... 



A, 1 pound 



B, J pound 



C,i pound 



A, 1 pound.... 



B, 1 pound 



A, 4 pounds. . . 



B, 2 pounds. . . 



C, 2 pounds... 



A, 1.35 pounds 



B, 0. 67 pound. 



fA, 1 pound 



\B, 1 pound 



A, 1 pound 



B, J pound 



C, | pound 



f A, 4 pounds. . . 

 {B, 2 pounds. .. 

 (C, 1 pound 



A, 2£ pounds.. 



B, If pounds.. 



C, f pound 



,114 

 385 

 ,345 



733 

 508 

 508 

 733 



1,639 ■; 



1,488 



508 



733 



1,474 



1,639 



733 



1,474 i 



1,639 

 1,474 



1 Applied dry, 10 gallons water added. 



Table 2. — Destruction of fly larvse in horse manure — Results with poisonous plant 



materials. 

 [Open-pile experiments, Bethesda, Md., 1915.] 



tfn 



Material used. 



Form used. 



Treatment of 4 bushels 

 manure, using 5 gal- 

 lons infusion( amount 

 of plant material 

 used per 5 gallons). 



Flies 

 emerged 

 (num- 

 ber). 



Apparent 

 larvici- 

 dal effect 

 (per cent 



Flies emerged 



from control 



cages. 





of con- 

 trol aver- 

 age). 



Num- 

 ber. 



Aver- 

 age. 



1 



Absinthe (Arte- 

 misia absinth- 

 ium). 



Anthemis (A nthe- 

 mis nobilis). 



Hellebore ( Vera- 

 trum viride). 



Poke root (Phyto- 

 lacca decandra) . 



Powdered leaves.. 



Powdered flower- 

 ing heads. 



Powdered roots... 



do 



I A, £ pound 



450 

 6S3 



331 

 653 

 353 

 636 

 241 

 96 

 1,873 

 710 





 



3.0 







93.0 



87.0 



51.0 



80.5 











391 

 293 



391 

 293 

 7,192 

 2,391 

 528 

 456 

 528 

 456 



} 342 







? 



/A, h pound 



} 342 









(A^ | pound 



} 4,791 



? 



jB, \ pound 





ic, \ pound 1 



[D, J pound' 



| 492 



4 





| 492 













Applied dry, 5 gallons water added. 



