8 BULLETIN 737, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
pensive grades of Cuban tobacco. The loss from the beetle in this 
instance was estimated at not less than $7,000, and the damage oc- 
curred within a period of only 12 months. At the storerooms of a 
large jobbing concern in one of the Northern States the writer was 
shown a lot of smoking and chewing tobacco of various brands said 
to weigh over one-half ton which was infested and worthless. Part 
of this tobacco showed injury from mold, but a large part of the 
damage had been caused by the tobacco beetle. In 1913 a large 
tobacco firm reported to the Bureau of Entomology that its loss 
from the beetle amounted to fully $25,000 per annum. The average 
annual loss in the Philippines per factory for cigars actually de- 
stroyed in the factory is said to vary from 6,000 to 13,000 pesos 
($3,000 to $6,500) (77). The total money loss in the Philippines from 
returned cigars which are infested with the beetle has been reported 
by Mackie (74) to exceed 500,000 pesos ($250,000 U. S. currency) 
per annum. The actual money loss to the manufacturers from to- 
baceo products returned to the factory represents only a small part 
of the entire loss caused by the beetle. An enormous loss occurs 
through damage to hogshead tobacco of certain types, and, as in the 
ease of manufactured or baled tobacco, it is impossible to make even 
‘an approximate estimate of the loss. In 1911 Mr. J. Matsumura, in- 
spector of the bureau of monopolies for the Imperial Japanese Gor- 
ernment, reported that in a shipment of 60 hogsheads of American 
tobacco to Japan 50 hogsheads had been so badly damaged by the 
beetle that the tobacco was almost worthless. In exported hogshead 
tobacco the lighter types, such as are used in the manufacture of 
cigarettes, are most susceptible to injury, and a comparatively slight 
infestation at first may result in a heavy infestation after a long 
sea voyage through warm or tropical waters. The specially favorable 
breeding conditions brought about by high temperatures and hu- 
midity incidental to long oversea shipments make the beetle unusu- 
ally destructive to cigars shipped to the United States from the 
Philippines. A number of dealers have reported serious loss from 
this source. the infestation spreading to cigars and other classes of 
manufactured tobacco kept in stock. 
Although the tobacco beetle is present and causes more or less loss 
in all parts of the United States. investigations of the Bureau of En- 
tomology show that damage is greatest in the States bordering on the 
Gulf of Mexico. One large manufacturer reported that his loss due 
to infestation of goods, chiefly smoking and chewing tobacco. shipped 
to the Gulf States had been so great, fully 50 per cent of the manufac- 
tured tobacco becoming wormy, that his company had been forced to 
restrict its activities in that section. To replace this damaged stock — 
made their business in that section unprofitable. The factory was 
said to be practically uninfested, and few complaints of damage 
