SILVICULTURAL MANAGEMENT OF BLACK SPRUCE IN MINNESOTA 15 





f 1 m 



I 



ill 



4 



Figure 11. — Fire-killed stand 2 years after burning. This swamp stand has re- 

 produced successfully from seeds stored in the clusters of serotinous cones at 

 the tops of the trees. The young seedlings are too small to be visible in the 

 picture. 



present in the cones 2 years after ripening, but less than 2 percent at 

 the end of 3 years. 12 Thus, whether or not the seed crop for the cur- 

 rent year is abundant, there is likely to be a rather large quantity of 



32 MlLLAE, J. B. THE SILVICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BLACK SPRUCE IN THE 



clay belt of northern Ontario. 1936. [Unpublished thesis, University of 

 Toronto.] 



