SACBROOD. 53 



be found at all times to lie somewhere between the limits of 131° F. 

 (55° C.) and 149° F. (65° C.). 



(14) When the virus of sacbrood is suspended in honey it may be 

 destroyed by heating the suspension for 10 minutes at approximately 

 158° F. (70° C). 



(15) The virus resisted drying at room temperature for approxi- 

 mately three weeks. 



(16) The virus when dry was destroyed by the direct rays of the 

 sun in from four to seven hours. 



(17) The virus when suspended in water was destroyed by the direct 

 rays of the sun in from four to six hours. 



(18) The virus when suspended in honey was destroyed by the 

 direct rays of the sun in from five to six hours. 



(19) The virus when suspended in honey and shielded from direct 

 sunlight remained virulent for slightly less than one month at room 

 temperature during the summer. 



(20) The virus was destroyed in approximately five days in the 

 presence of fermentative processes taking place in 10 per cent sugar 



I solution at room temperature. 



(21) In the presence of fermentative processes going on in 20 per 

 I cent honey solution at outdoor temperature the virus of sacbrood was 

 | destroyed in approximately five days. 



(22) In the presence of putrefactive processes the virus remained 

 virulent for approximately 10 days. 



(23) The virus will resist \ per cent, 1 per cent, and 2 per cent 

 aqueous solutions of carbolic acid, respectively, for more than three 

 weeks, 4 per cent being more effective. 



(24) Neither carbolic acid nor quinine as drugs should at present 

 be relied upon in the treatment of sacbrood. 



(25) Varying factors entering into many of the problems discussed 

 in this paper tend to vary the results obtained. In such problems 

 the results here given must be considered from a technical point of 

 view as being approximate only. They are sufficiently exact for 

 application by the beekeeper, but to insure the destruction of the 

 virus in practical apiculture the time element indicated from these 

 experiments as sufficient should be increased somewhat. 



LITERATURE CITED. 



(1) Bahr, L. 



1915. Sygdomme hos Honningbien og dens Yngel. Meddelelser fra den 

 Kgl. Veterinser-og Landboh<£jskoles Serumlaboratorium, XXXVII, 

 109 p., 11 fig. 



(2) Beuhne, F. R. 



1913. Diseases of bees. In Jour. Dept. Agr. Victoria, v. 11, pt. 8, p. 487-493, 

 4 fig. 



(3) Burri, R. 



1906. Bakteriologische TJntersuchungen iiber die Faulbmt und Sauerbrut 

 der Bienen. 40 p., 1 pi., 1 fig. Aaran, Switzerland. 



