38 CIRCULAR 912, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 





Figure 9. — These shrubs of Rhamnus cathartica were planted on this steep south 

 slope in 1918. By 1950 only 2 percent of them had died. The species is 

 highly desirable for windbreak purposes. 



Rhamnus sp. (P. I. 65773). 5 — This species was tested at the Mandan 

 station only. It proved to be both cold- and drought-hardy. The 

 data indicate that it is suitable for windbreak planting. 



Rhus trilobata. — This species is native to the area, where it grows 

 in bottoms, ravines, and on hillsides. It seldom exceeds a height 

 of 2 to 3 feet on dry sites but can reach heights of 10 to 12 feet on the 

 more favorable sites of moisture supply. The species is quite hardy, 

 but the low growth habit on dry sites limits its use in those locations 

 to wildlife-cover purposes. 



Rhus typhina. — This species has been used to some extent for 

 ornamental and wildlife-cover purposes in the area. Winter injury 

 and losses occurred in occasional years prior to 1934 and became heavy 

 in that and the following year. The shrubs are attractive ornamen- 

 tals in the fall, when the foliage becomes highly colored. However, 

 the suckering habit of the species is objectionable in lawns. R. 

 typhina is recommended only for ornamental and wildlife-cover 

 plantings under irrigation. 



Rosa multiflcra. — This species was not tested long enough to 

 permit definite recommendations. However, the data to date indi- 

 cate that it has no promise for planting in the area. The shrubs 

 were killed to the ground or to the snow line each winter. A rank 

 growth sometimes 8 feet long was made each season. This semi- 

 prostrate growth provided excellent cover for wildlife dming the 

 summer months. 



Salix daphnoides. — This species was tested at the Mandan station 

 only. Winter injuiy and losses in stand were heavy before the severe 

 drought year of 1934. The species is not recommended for dry- 

 land planting but presumably would be satisfactory under irrigation. 



5 Species of Rhamnus, with /the 'possible exception"*of R. frangula, which was 

 not tested, are alternatejiosts of crown rust of oats. They should not be planted 

 in areas where oats are grown to much extent. 



