TREES AND SHRUBS FOR THE NORTHERN PLAINS 31 





Figure 4. — Jim 



iperm 



virginiana is quite hardy and is excellent for windbreak 

 plantings. 



Maackia amurensis. — Testing of this species was confined to the 

 Mandan station. The trees proved to be cold-hardy and drought- 

 resistant. The species has an upright growth form and a spreading 

 crown. The data indicate that it is highly satisfactory for planting in 

 the area, either as a windbreak or an ornamental tree. 



Malus baccata. — This species has been extensively planted in the 

 area as rootstocks for apple and crab trees and to a limited extent for 

 windbreak purposes. The trees in the test block did well until the 

 drought of 1934, when a high percentage died. They did not suffer 

 severe winter injury at any time. The species gave highly satisfactory 

 results in some farm windbreak plantings. It is recommended for 

 such planting on the more favorable moisture sites. 



Phellodendron amurense. — Testing of this species was confined to 

 the Mandan station. Results were variable. One introduction 

 (3991), which originated at Kiev, Russia, was killed out by the 

 drought of 1934. The other introduction (P. I. 65638), brought in 

 from Manchuria, proved to be more hardy. The data indicate that 

 the species is worthy of trial for windbreak and ornamental purposes 

 in the area. 



Picea engelmanni. — This species is native to the higher altitudes of 

 the western part of the area. The trees suffered no winter injury 

 but lost most of their needles during the severe drought years of 1934 

 and 1936. Only 11 percent of the trees became established. They 

 made a very dense growth, which is highly desirable for windbreak 

 purposes. 



Picea glauca. — This species has been planted to a limited extent in 

 the area. Heavy winter injury and losses occurred during the severe 

 drought years of 1934 and 1936. The species is recommended for 



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