STOCK-POISONING PLANTS OF THE RANGE. pay 
subject of commercial exploitation. It is claimed, especially in 
southern Colorado and northern New Mexico, that sheep feeding 
upon this plant in the late winter suffer severely. 
Experimental work has proved that the plant is poisonous to 
sheep, but it has been found difficult, under corral conditions, to 
make them eat it. Field observations have shown that in the locali- 
ties where animals are reported to have suffered, the sheep in the 
latter part of the winter are frequently kept under conditions closely 
approaching starvation, and at such times doubtless, by force of 
circumstances, they would eat more of the plant. It is very much 
to be doubted if there would be any losses from this plant if bands 
were properly fed. 7 
WESTERN SNEEZEWEED (DUGALDIA HOOPESID. 
66 
Western smeezeweed, sometimes called ‘‘yellow weed” by the 
stockmen, is found in great abundance on the sheep ranges of the 
Wasatch mountains in Utah, especially in localities where the range 
has been heavily grazed. The plant is distributed in greater or less 
numbers from Wyoming in the North to New Mexico and Arizona 
in the South, and as far west as California, but it is in Utah that it 
has become prominent as a poisonous plant. 
The plant, shown in Plates XX VIII and XXIX, is a stout perennial 
composite, growing to 2 or 3 feet in height, with thick deep-green 
leaves. The rays of the flower are of an orange color and the disk 
a brownish orange; the blossoming period in the Wasatch mountains 
ends the middle or last of August. Its range in elevation is from 
7,000 to 10,500 feet. 
Under ordinary range conditions the western sneezeweed seems to 
' be dangerous only to sheep. It has been found to be the cause of 
what is known in Utah as the ‘‘spewing sickness” of sheep, from 
which there have been quite heavy losses. 
SYMPTOMS OF POISONING BY DUGALDIA. 
The marked symptoms of Dugaldia poisoning are depression, 
_ weakness, salivation, and nausea accompanied with vomiting; this 
latter symptom is so prominent as to have given the disease its 
popular name. Diarrhea is common, and bloating is a prominent 
symptom in the animals poisoned on the range. The poison is 
cumulative, and its effects continue for a long time. 
TREATMENT FOR DUGALDIA POISONING. 
No medicinal remedy for the disease has been found. It is the 
custom of sheepmen on the Wasatch mountains, when their sheep 
are found to be ‘‘spewing,”’ to take them to lower altitudes on 
‘browse range,’ when their condition is improved. It is recognized, 
