BLIGHTS OF CONIFEROUS NURSERY STOCK. 15 
(3) Even when all of the needles die at nearly the same time, there 
will not be the simultaneous death of the roots which occurs in sun 
scorch. 
(4) There will not be the same relation of the disease to dry 
weather and dry sandy soil as in sun scorch. 
(5) Beds which have been protected by fungicidal sprays will not 
be so likely to be attacked as others. 
In Germany needle-cast is said by Stumpff? and others to be con- 
trolled by spraying with Bordeaux mixture in July and August. 
There is no guaranty that the same measures will be effective in this 
country. If the disease makes serious trouble in any American nur- 
series, spraying at different times of the year should be tested, using 
the 44-50 or 64-50 Bordeaux mixture containing 2 or 3 pounds of 
soap per barrel. 
Ebermayer has attacked the evidence supporting the parasitic 
origin of needle-cast, saying, among other things, that Bordeaux 
mixture may protect not by preventing the entrance of fungi so much 
as by decreasing transpiration. The writer’s experience with the 
4 4-50 soap-Bordeaux mixture may be of interest in this connection. 
A heavy application a short time before the occurrence of an attack 
of sun scorch in seed beds of Pinus divaricata at the Halsey nur- 
sery had not the slightest effect in decreasing the loss from sun 
scorch, as shown by a comparison of parallel sprayed and unsprayed 
beds. The shade afforded by a “ half-shade” slat frame in one of 
these beds at this time gave absolute protection against the disease. 
This indicates that the effect of Bordeaux mixture in reducing trans- 
piration at critical times is negligible. 
PESTALOZZIA NEEDLE BLIGHT. 
Pestalozzia funerea Desm. is very common in dead coniferous nee- 
dles in the United States. Tubeuf? considers it the probable cause 
of a twig-blight of cypress trees. In the United States, Spaulding * 
induced needle disease on seedlings of Pinus ponderosa one month 
old by spraying with spores from a pure culture of this fungus. A 
test by the writer on 1-year-old white pine (Pinus strobus L.) under 
moist-chamber conditions, using cultures from jack and Rocky Moun- 
tain yellow pines, was without result. A further test on 1-year-old 
stock by Dr. Spaulding also gave negative results. Attempts were 
made by the writer to infect green shoots on old trees of arbor vite 
(Thuja occidentalis L.), some of which had been injured by punc- 
1Stumpff. Die Schiitte und ihre Bekimpfung. Zeitschrift fiir Forst- und Jagdwesen, 
Jahrg. 32, Heft 11, p. 675-687, 1900. 
?Tubeuf, Karl von. Diseases of Plants Induced by Cryptogamic Parasites. English 
edition by W. G. Smith. London, New York, and Bombay, 1897, p. 493-499. 
* Spaulding, Perley. <A blight disease of young conifers. Science, n. s., v. 26, No. 659, 
p. 220-221, 1907. 
