SPOILAGE OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 



55 



An average of 16.5jpercent bacterial soft rot of tops was found in 

 two carlots, or 1.5 percent of those inspected. Decay per carlot 

 inspected thus averaged 0.3 percent. 



Spinach 



Approximately 35,000 carlots of spinach were unloaded during the 

 7-year period. Thirty-nine percent were rail shipments, practically 

 all of which originated in the States covered by the present inspections. 

 Truck shipments, chiefly from New York (Long Island and elsewhere), 

 New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia, constituted 61 percent of 

 all unloads. 



Inspections were made on 5,018 carlots, or 37 percent of all rail 

 unloads. Distribution of decay 22 within them was as follows: 





Carlots in indicated 





Carlots in 



indicated 





decay class 



Decay class (percent- 



decay class 



ecay class (percent) : 



Number 



Percent 



- Number 



Percent 







2,916 



58. 1 



Continued 







Trace-4 



258 



5. 1 



50-54 



30 



0. 6 



5-9 



542 



10.8 



55-59 



17 



.3 



10-14 



366 



7.3 



60-64 



20 



.4 



15-19 



216 



4.3 



65-69 



10 



.2 



20-24 



179 



3.6 



70-74 



6 



. 1 



25-29 



154 



3. 1 



75-79 



6 



. 1 



30-34 



116 



2.3 



80-84 



3 



. 1 



35-39 



80 



1. 6 



85-89 



5 



. 1 



40-44 



50 



1.0 



90-94 



4 



. 1 



45-49 



40 



.8 









Decay, averaging 17.3 percent per carlot showing decay, was found 

 in 2,102 carlots, or 42 percent of those inspected. The distribution of 

 decay by types was as follows: 





Distribution 



Kind of decay — Con. 

 Bacterial soft rot__ 

 Other decay 



Distribution 



ind of decay: 



Downy mildew 



White rust 



Average 



Carlots per carlot 



{number) {percent) 



. 1, 625 17. 5 

 373 13. 4 



Average 

 Carlots per carlot 

 {number) {percent) 



517 5. 6 

 4 13.0 



A summary of all spinach inspections is found in table 37. Decay 

 per carlot inspected ranged in amount from 0.9 to 12.7 percent, with 

 an average of 7.3 percent for the entire period. Downy mildew was 

 of chief importance (5.7 percent) ; white rust (1.0 percent) and bacterial 

 soft rot (0.Q percent) were found in smaller amounts. In the analysis 

 by States it will be noted that most of the carlots originated in Texas 

 but that nearly 500 carlots came from Virginia. White rust was 

 reported only from Texas. Downy mildew was much less important 

 in carlots from Virginia than in those from Texas. Decay per carlot 

 inspected was 8.0 percent in shipments from Texas and 3.9 percent in 

 those from Virginia. 



22 Downy mildew and white rust included with decay. 



