SPOILAGE OF FRESH FRUITS AND VEGETABLES 



33 



Over 40 percent of the inspections were made on Texas cabbage, 

 which had an average decay (7.9 percent) close to that for all Stale- 

 combined; approximately three-fourths of the decay in Texas cabbage 

 was due to alt ern aria leaf spot and most of the rest to bacterial soft rot. 



Carrots 



Nearly 31,500 carlots of carrots were unloaded during the 7-year 

 period. Twenty-seven percent were truck shipments, chiefly from 

 New Jersey and New York (both Long Island and elsewhere) and to 

 a less extent from Pennsylvania. Seventy-three percent were rail 

 shipments, practically all of which originated in the States covered 

 by the present inspections. 



Inspections were made on 12,344 carlots, or approximately 54 

 percent of all rail unloads. Distribution of decay within them was 

 as follows: 



Carlots in indicated 

 decay class 



Decay class (percent) : dumber 



0. 

 Trace-4. 



5-9 



10-14__. 

 15-19__. 

 20-24__. 

 25-29__. 

 30-34___ 

 35-39___ 

 40-44___ 

 45-49— 



11,396 

 313 

 86 

 105 

 60 

 62 

 47 

 41 

 25 

 30 

 22 



Percent 



92.3 

 2. 5 

 . 7 

 . 9 

 . 5 

 . 5 

 . 4 

 . 3 

 . 2 

 . 2 

 . 2 



Decay class (percent)- 

 Continned 



50-54 



55-59 



60-64 



65-69 



70-74 



75-79 



80-84 



85-89 



90-94 



Carlots in indicated 

 decay class 



Xumber Percent 



39 



27 



32 



8 



7 



19 



12 



7 



6 



0.3 

 . 2 

 .3 

 . 1 

 . 1 

 . 2 

 . 1 

 . 1 

 Trace 



Decay, averaging 21.1 percent per carlot showing decay, was found 

 in 948 carlots, or 8 percent of those inspected. Distribution of decay 

 by types was as follows: 



Distribution 



Distribution 



Average 

 per carlot 

 (percent) 



Carlots 



Kind of decay — Con. (number) 



Gray mold rot 105 



Rhizopus 54 



Fusarium rot 10 



Other decay 47 



Average 

 per carlot 

 (percent) 



6.4 

 9. 2 



2. 6 



3. 2 



Carlots 

 Kind of decay: (number) 



Bacterial soft rot of 



leaves 517 20.9 



Bacterial soft rot of 



roots 303 22.4 



Watery soft rot 170 6.3 



A summary of all carrot inspections is given in table 21. The 

 least decay per carlot inspected (0.2 percent) was found in 1935 

 and the most (4.2 percent) in 1938. For the entire period decay 

 averaged 1.6 percent per carlot inspected. Bacterial soft rot of leaves 

 and roots was responsible for most of the loss. Watery soft rot and 

 gray mold rot were next in importance. When only the three 

 States from which most of the carrots originated are considered, 

 decay was greatest in shipments from Arizona and lowest in those 

 from Texas. 



