10 BULLETIN 614, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
apples. There is an average per ranch of 6.28 acres in nonbearing 
apple orchard and 1.79 acres in other fruits. As already indicated, 
a greater acreage is devoted to other crops here than elsewhere in the 
district, there being an average of 4.17 acres of such crops per farm, 
3.23 acres of which are in alfalfa. On account of the size of farm 
perhaps the rancher is not able to put in as much time on the bearing 
apple orchard as is the usual case in the North Yakima district. (See 
Table IV.) 
TaBLE [V.—Average size of ranch and of areas in crops for 56 ranches in the Zillah 
district. 
Method of culture. 
Item. 
Clean Mulch-crop 
(32 records)./(24 records). 
A.verage:acres-in ranch: 2). 5. age Bwa Sewtes tek ito See a ae ee ee ee 22. 26 20. 66 
Average tillablevacrestiniranch css -e5 sce cones eee eee see eee eee 21.56 19. 98 
iAwverageacreageun bean evap ple Orchar derma seat eee eee 7.70 7. 85 
Average acreage in young apples and other fruit.................2.......---.--.- 9. 33 6. 40 
Average acreage in other crops, including pasture. -.....-...-.-.-.-.---.-.---<-- 4.53 5.73 
Pillable‘actes Per NOrse = oq )-sc..o cs cle sao <2 esa as alae eee a ee ee 8. 04 7. 92 
TYPES OF RANCHERS. | 
Two distinct types of ranchers are found in the valley. In the 
North Yakima district are found men engaged in ranching who were 
formerly professional men and tradesmen in different parts of the 
United States. Many of these men are at present interested in some 
other business besides ranching. The orchard is more or less inci- 
dental to the welfare of such men. However, there are several men 
who came to this section unacquainted with the business of apple 
erowing, expecting soon to acquaint themselves with it and make a 
comfortable living and at the same time have all the privileges of - 
the near-by city. Many of the owners of these small tracts.are inter- 
ested in the development of orchards farther away from town. 
In the Zillah district are found ranchers of asomewhat different type. 
Many of these men were engaged in other lines of farming before com- 
ing to this region to settle. Some came at an early date, when the 
price of land was between $30 and $50 an acre, but there are many 
who came during the boom period and paid high prices for their land. 
A number of the ranchers were eastern and central-western farmers. 
This type of rancher as a rule is acquainted with general farming and 
usually is found growing other crops than fruit and raising some stock 
besides. | 
The ranchers of both districts are generally well educated. Up-to- 
date schoolhouses are found in many parts of the valley. (See fig. 2.) 
A few men in the Zillah district own property farther down the lower 
valley and devote it somewhat to hay growing and cattle raising, 
but this is not the general rule. 
