COST OF PRODUCING APPLES IN YAKIMA VALLEY. 15 
industry and contained many of the above mentioned varieties. With 
the development of the industry came the knowledge of the varieties 
better adapted to the region. 
The principal commercial varieties now grown in Yakima County 
are Winesap, Jonathan, Ben Davis, Esopus, Missouri, etc. (See 
Table VIII.) 
TaBLE VIII.—Ten varieties of apples having the largest acreage in Yakima County. 
Per cent 
Variety. Acres. of total 
acreage. 
AUAYABIOV NSE 0) zee ch) sas AUCs TEE a oe A RL USS SCLC INL Py aparen Geter ana Bike aea yA . 6,201 15. 52 
SCONE) EHO so Se OA Te ae acl Lok be Yee ae ee SO Ae OM ape 5,916 14. 81 
TB\eyO A DANA eos Gea ne RN Na Tae OT IS IN tc et ee La ot a Uh 5, 103 12.77 
Heepus QSUEZeIOe Tg) ue arerreee Dry nur un ME Le eC NE Si all alia Se Sine at oy ek 2, os é. o 
LSS OUT pa ee  e EN et Ren Cn Mi ee una a MeN RAN Ue M gM RTE ESA 9 SNOWED) Os Se 57. 4 
NellowaNewtowal oye enue Gigi 08a SRO a RIC Tae CaN EO es 2° 366 5.92 
IROMERB Cauitiymemsen ey Pekan en MUU Mila REMC /Geyea MANN NR NIE Lie) CRIN te Nee 2, 203 5.51 
LENOX) 5 S65 Sh ry el id RS ea ea ae EI a EG et BN ae a ea eA I a 339 3. 40 
Npemaas (pla ckiiwaey aii ks nro in T Coma ig a ees 1,075 2. 69 
SLAY TIN ATAMV VPI CSEU TOE eee nea mtn my NP URE ie ur meee CI Ses tp kph Re ey Fae 991 2. 48 
METHOD OF ORCHARD PLANTING. 
Many of the older orchards of the valley are set as close as 15 by 15 
or 20 by 20 on the square. However, in many instances the orchard- 
ists are removing part of the trees so as to get sufficient space for the 
erowth and development of those remaining. Among the younger 
orchards the distances set vary from 20 by 20 to 30 by 30, trees being 
set on different plans. As might be expected, there is little difference 
_ in the plan of setting between the clean-cultivated and the mulch-crop 
orchards, since most of these orchards were set before any considera- 
tion was taken of an orchard mulch crop. Considering all orchards 
in the Zillah district, regardless of the plan of setting, there was an 
average of 68.2 trees per acre. In the North Yakima district there 
was an average of 78.2 trees per acre. Considering all records taken 
in the valley, there was an average of 73.6 trees per acre. 
YIELDS. 
Records of yields were obtained from each orchardist covering as 
long a period as possible. (See Table IX.) The plan was to get rec- 
ords covering at least a 5-year period, so that any abnormality in one 
year or another might be minimized in the average. ‘The belief was 
that fair results could not be counted on from the consideration of 
_ any one year’s yield, since many conditions, such as the weather, in- 
sect pests, and fungus diseases, often make the yield for a given season 
entirely unreliable as a measure of the business of a district. In 1911 
a severe frost affected the yield of many of the orchards of the valley. 
Two ranchers considered in this investigation lost their entire crops 
that year. 
(see 17 Bull. 614-2 
