COST OF PRODUCING APPLES IN YAKIMA VALLEY. Dae 
cultivation. Followmg this first series of cultivations and before the 
first irrigation, furrows are made with a cultivator or shovel plow for 
distributing the water throughout the orchard. 
Referring to Table XVIII it will be seen that the most intensive 
cultivation is done just before and following the earlier irrigations. 
There is an annual charge of 24.26 man-hours and 41.28 horse-hours, 
or a cost of $12.26, per acre for cultivation in orchards under clean- 
cultural management in the Yakima district. 
¥ifteen, or 46.88 per cent of the orchardists in the Zillah district 
used the plow for cultural purposes. (See Table XX). Of the 32 
orchardists in the Zillah district who followed the clean-cultural 
practice 10, or 31.25 per cent, began the annual cultivation with the 
plow, 21 with the disk harrow, and 1 with the spring-tooth harrow. 
Of the 10 orchardists who plowed each year, 9 plowed in the spring 
and 1in the fall. Spring plowing seems to be preferred by crchardists 
- in both the North Yakima and Zillah districts. 
TaBLtE XVIII.—Percentage of orchardists making cultivations and the time chargeable 
per acre in 43 orchards under clean-cultural management in the North Yakima district. 
Per cent of | Hours per Per 
orchardists acre. cent of 
Operation. making | total 
; various cul- culti- 
tivations. | Man. | Horse. | vation. 
IPNOR MI oh CoA GaS Ges Goes Bee OSES eS Ek Fae ate eres cet ne ee op ae 67. 44 3. 07 ES 7 ee ie 
Cultivation: 
IB elOnesinsta Grieg OM nsec eee ee es SRI ey ae! i re 100 7.86 | 13.76 41.07 
HOW OWA Soh nS talent oO y= ee ent roel ee 100 4.18 7. 25 21. 84 
HOM ONT PES CONCERTS ail OM = ere te ee en ents rele es 97. 67 3. 63 6. 38 18. 97 
Polo wineaumingdainnisablonem sey ae sores eine en ain ese eo) 76. 74 2: 5 4,31 ise Tit 
WOMANS TOUR MITRE AO MRE ae Se oA eee ean ee See eee eee 30. 23 91 65 4.75 
Hollowangahituhtirrs a ylOmses ae yr ee es one a ek 2. 33 . 05 .10 . 26 
HIRO Goer neh ata ee ree Rina ed. lp ee eget vlogn sk EY Shoe ca oo kbs at Reto 19.14 33.45 | 100.00 
Furrowing: 
IZ CTORC MINS hein Oa il OMe eee oe ee ree et a a em 98 |e de Sel ile Bal Tes Co ofa Mea 
Before second irrigation............--- ete en ny Se eee tl traded he pean igi NEO 81 eyesore 
IS ClOReH AMI CeU Ene Te UVLO Mae ee see ierene ree ul. tee De eh ea ae 1. 24 UND ee sodas 
PEIOREMOUGbIMERDEN A P1OM ce steers tes ket Peer ce Fo)-roieta' cali = = =v «,-\s (Dee ee oa oes 93 Lt al seca oe 
Before satitsheinni cat] Omission oe ees eel os GO ee ee ee BOO SG lasers 
Clone sixclaEnea LOMes sae me eee eer eee eerie ire mss eas . 00 OO sl eeeeceee 
SING tall eee pears een acres Re pet tre ee nee En. a eles BBS Pk 5. 12 Toeswllsesasacs 
TaBLeE XIX.—Implements and the number of orchards in which each is used in 32 orchards 
under clean-cultural management in the Zillah district. 
: Spring- | Spike- | 6-foot - 
When used. Plow. Hee isk tooth tooth culti- alee Float. | Crease. 
arrow.| harrow. | harrow. | vator. ‘ 
Before first irrigation............. 15 24 16 TE3ay es Sears 2 4 131 
Following firstirrigation.........)......-- 2 19 8 2 el ease ee 31 
Foliowing second irrigation.......|)........ 4 19 5 2 3 1 27 
Following third irrigation........|....-:.. 3) |= 9 3 ie! ec eco 1 13 
Fouowing fourthirrigation...---- [Rise Sera ear olen cae Tle cio sare ag ea | | 1 1 
Following fifthirrigation........- lepe Renee Witecse code aoncordocde on saces logenesia|seacnéee Saeccoes 
| 
1 One orchardist does not irrigate, therefore no creasing is made. 
