28 BULLETIN 614, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
’ In Yakima many of the ranches are small and growers do not feel 
the necessity of having a variety of implements, but in the Zillah dis- 
trict the average ranch is larger, and many times other crops are 
grown, so that the individual growers usually have several different 
kinds of implements. The spring-tooth and disk harrows are by far 
the most common implement used for cultural purposes in the lower 
valley. (See fig. 5.) 
Referring to Table XX, it will be noted that 97 per cent of the 
orchardists make a practice of cultivating after the first irrigation, 
88 per cent following the second, and 44 per cent following the third. 
The orehardists in the Yakima district not only practice more inten- 
sive cultivation early in the season but continue it later in the season 
than do the orchardists in the Zillah region. Considering all the 
orchards which are clean cultivated in the Zillah district, there is an 
annual charge of 18.67 man-hours and 35.01 horse-hours, at a cost of 
$9.92 per acre. : 
That the size of the orchard and farm have some bearing on the 
amount of cultivation done is shown by Tables XXI and XXII. 
TABLE XX.—Percentage of orchardists making cultivations and the time chargeable per 
acre in 32 orchards under clean-cultural management in the Zillah district. - 
j 
Per cent of Hours per acre. Per 
orchardists | cent of 
Operation. mney pa 
various cul- cultiva- 
tivations. Man. | Horse tion 
| | 
layin. sete ee as eS eh ee ee a eae 46.88 2:45, | 489 ieee 
Cultivation: Ss SS 
Beiore firstirrigation- ---- Meee Bee see aos = ee eeaes see sence 100 6.78 | 13.50} 47.31 
NOt WANE TSLITTICa NOR S2- Coos ees ee ee See 96.88 3. 46 | 6.91 24.14 
Rollowaae Second ig rigaienen jae oes ee ee ee ae oe Hee 87.50 2.52 5. 05 17.59 
RullowanedwiGarripniion 05 8. Po eee eee Bs | 43.75 | 1.351 2.69| 9.42 
PovowinetoOnTi KPA ON oo ee ee eee eee 3.13 .14 - 28 | -98 
Hollowie fiithirrigation= -------2-2----------=--- = 3.13 08" |=" 2-96) 56 
LETTS Rees eh a ne eee ple See SS ARRAS a ee 14.33 | 28.59 | 100.00 
Furrowing: | = 
Before nrsbirrigabion: 25.2 << so sosk 22 32 css e ees ease ee eee aaa ae eee 1.30 A GR reek Sere 
‘Before seconUerrigadonee: 255 eee Sees ee ea oe ips te Ns Henes 4 286 fee 
PEOKS CUMING ANTAPAION SCs sa ae Ae ree Bee ee cen NIN te rede dO 5 PG Pe i 
Belorefourth irrigation: =-.2- 2.52 <2. Sse ki Soe s eee eee ee ne ee eee ee | 58 ee ee es 
IBGIOremTERITNIPAhlON=s2 ok eo te Loe ta See eee ee eck ee .09 094 eo 
Beiore sixthirripation. <2.) -soe =e oe ee eee eee lossssshsse-: Ree [ee oie fee 
1101) (LSI REDE Abo unee rm Cae Nein se ciao ae a a Oe, {Lag seer | 4:34 | Gap eee 
TABLE XXI.—Total time and cost chargeable per acre for cultivation in 43 orchards of 
various sizes under clean-cultural management in the North Yakima district. 
Per acre. 
| Number | Acres in ue 
+ 
lofrecords.| orchard. ines aaa Se ae 
hours hours. 
31 1-5 26. 23 42.85 $12.99 10. 25 
8 6-10 18.73 37. 46 10. 30 15.19 
4 | 11-20 20. 08 | 36. 7. 10. 53 18. 75 
| 
