COST OF PRODUCING APPLES IN YAKIMA VALLEY. 59 
shipped them to some town in which such a plant was located. The 
load is usually from 1 to 14 tons. 
One cider mill located in the vicinity of North Yakima might be 
termed a cooperative factory. A number of growers in the vicinity 
of North Yakima have put $100 each into this enterprise, and have 
the privilege of selling all their cull apples to the factory. If the mill 
is not kept busy by the apples of these stockholders, growers outside 
of the company have the privilege of delivering their cull apples at 
the same price received by the stockholders. 
It is not the general practice of the growers of the valley, however, 
to pick up the apples in the orchard or sell their cull apples to a by- 
Fic. 14.—Culls outside of a large packing house. These culls are frequently a total waste. Sometimes 
they are made into cider or vinegar. 
product plant. At the time of this investigation many of the growers 
. on the farms studied did not believe the labor expended would be war- 
ranted by the price which they received for their cider apples. In 
many instances apples are picked up and used for live-stock feed or 
often the live-Stock is pastured in the orchard for a time. Various 
estimates on the value of cull apples for feed were made by the 
orchardists under consideration. In each instance the orchard has 
been given the estimated credit for the feed value as given by the 
individual orchardist. 7 
The usual price paid by the cider mill for cull apples during the past 
few years has been $4.50 per ton. The average net credit of the 57 
orchardists who handled their cull apples was $3.68 per acre. Consid- 
