COST OF PRODUCING APPLES IN YAKIMA VALLEY. 69 
MATERIAL COSTS. 
The first item of material is the manure. As will be seen, the 
clean-cultural orchards applied the more manure. This is as would be 
expected, as the mulch-crop adds humus to the soil and manure 
usually is not needed so badly on those orchards as on the others. 
On the clean-cultural orchards 4 tons were applied per acre in North 
Yakima and 6.8 tons in Zillah, or 5.21 tons for the 75 clean-cultural 
orchards studied in the entire valley. On the mulch-crop orchards 
_ 3.38 tons were applied in North Yakima and 4.11 tons in Zillah, 
_ making an average of 3.77 tons per acre for the 45 mulch-crop orchards 
studied in the valley. If the mulch-crop and clean-cultural orchards 
are combined (120 records), there is found to be an average of 4.67 
tons applied per acre. This manure is charged at the rate of $1.50 
per ton for the entire district. There was, then, a cost of $7.01 per 
_ acre for manure for the entire Yakima Valley, or $0.0162 per box. 
_ The cost for the clean-cultural orchards was $7.82 and for the mulch 
crop $5.66 per acre. 
The spray material is one of the principal items of material costs. 
This includes the lime-sulphur, arsenate of lead, and any other spray 
materials which are used. For all records, ime-sulphur, figured at 
the rate of $0.15 per gallon, cost $6.03 per acre, while other spray 
materials amounted to $6.18 per acre; thus all spray. materials 
amounted to $12.21 per acre, or $0.0283 per box, making up 6.21 
per cent of the material and fixed costs. The spray-material cost 
for the districts of North Yakima and Zillah is shown in Tables 
XLVI and XLVII. 
Arsenate of lead paste had been charged at the rate of $0.09 per 
pound. Another item of material cost, amounting to very little in 
the total and appearing only on the mulch-crop orchards, is the seed 
used for mulch-crop. Usually this is clover, alfalfa, or sweet-clover 
seed, and is sown only occasionally. The annual charge for this 
amounts to but $0.33 per acre for the 45 mulch-crop records in the 
valley, or when distributed over the 120 orchards, including the clean- 
culture records, it amounts to but $0.12 per acre. 
The gasoline and oil charge is used here in addition to the regular 
upkeep of the spray rig. This gasoline charge for all records in the 
valley amounted to $0.83 per acre, or $0.0019 per box. It is arrived 
at by allowing one pint per horsepower for each hour that the spray 
rig is used in the bearing orchard. 
The cost of made-up box is $0.1453. This includes the shook, 
paper, nails, and the work of making it up, divided as follows: 
Sloe kepeeeeree) peretici ote Se) ove Pee A SUP $0. 1050 
Wie oto? UNS) Saas ee eRe ae cree ene Sa Spe ike ob . 0065 
INGIIS. cabs eee EO a er eee ee ome etre 0056 
iPaperaneluding lining and wrapping... .-.--.-2-.----os-6.-- 0282 
