COST OF PRODUCING APPLES — WESTERN NEW YORK. 25 



or 12 of water, is generally used, though if San Jose scale is not 

 present this spray is often applied 1 to 40. For the control of chew- 

 ing insects many growers add to this solution from 4 to 6 pounds of 

 lead arsenate to 100 gallons of material. Tobacco extract is often 

 added, about three- fourths of a pint to 100 gallons of solution, to 

 control aphids. An effort is made to cover the entire tree thoroughly 

 Avith spray material. The delayed dormant spray is applied for the 

 control of scales, blister mite, aphids, bud moth, and cigar casebearer. 



PINK SPRAY. 



The pink spray, as the name indicates, is applied when the apple 

 blossoms are pink. The time of application of this spray varies to 

 some extent with locality, owing principally to differences in dis- 

 tance from the lake, variety of tree, etc. Thirty per cent of the 

 growers visited in this investigation applied this spray. Within the 

 past few years this spray has been gaining in favor, for it usually 

 comes at the time when the apple-scab infection may take place, and 

 thus it serves as an effective protection against this fungus. Lime- 

 sulphur is used, the strength varying from 1 to 35 to 1 to 50 ; that is, 

 1 gallon of 32° Baume lime-sulphur to 35 or 50 gallons of water. To 

 this solution lead arsenate is added. When a few aphids are begin- 

 ning to appear, tobacco extract is used in the delayed dormant spray. 



CALYX SPBAY. 



The calyx spray is considered the most important by all apple 

 growers. It is usually applied when from one-half to three- fourths 

 of the petals have fallen. Two hundred and fourteen of the growers 

 visited, or 98 per cent, applied this spray. Lime-sulphur is used 32° 

 Baume, strength 1 to 40, together with from 5 to 6 pounds of lead 

 arsenate to 100 gallons of solution. This spray is primarily applied 

 to control the codling moth. However, red bugs, leaf rollers, and 

 green-fruit worms are often doing damage at this time, so that the 

 commercial apple grower may also use tobacco extract with the lime- 

 sulphur and lead arsenate. If apple scab is present, or weather con- 

 ditions are favorable for an infection, the lime-sulphur acts as pre- 

 ventive or control spray. 



FOURTH SPRAY. 



The fourth spray is usually applied two or three weeks after the 

 calyx spray. The method is similar and the material is of the same 

 strength as for the calyx spray. The primary object is the control 

 of the first brood of codling-moth larvae. However, in the lake 



