46 



BULLETIN 851, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Table XXV. — Summary of all costs {218 records, western New York, 1910- 

 1915, inclusive) — Continued. 



■ 



Niagara (35 



records; 81.4 



barrels). 



Five counties 



(218 records; 

 84.1 barrels). 



Per cent 

 of total 

 net cost. 



Item. 



Cost. 



Cost. 





Per 

 acre. 



Per 



barrel. 



Per 

 acre. 



Per 

 barrel. 





Total net maintenance labor cost 



$25. 49 

 15.72 



$0. 3132 

 .1931 



$24. 04 

 12.06 



$0.2859 

 .1434 



20.24 

 10.15 







Total net labor cost 



41.21 



.5063 



36.10 



.4293 



30.39 







Total material cost 



48.46 

 30.02 



.5953 

 .3688 



49.07 

 33.61 



.5835 

 .3996 



41.31 





28.30 







Total material and fixed costs 



78.48 



.9641 



82.68 



.9831 



69.61 







Total net cost 



119.69 



1. 4704 



118.78 



1.4124 



100.00 







PRICES RECEIVED FOR FRUIT. 



Within the last few years there has been an increased demand for 

 apples. The population has also increased to a great extent, as has 

 the number of apples eaten per individual. With an increased de- 

 mand, which has exceeded, in some years, the supply, there has been 

 a gradual increase in the price received by farmers for the product. 

 Some years have been very discouraging, not only because of the low 

 price received for the product, but because of the several natural 

 difficulties with which the grower has had to contend. Some years it 

 has been hail, in other seasons wind, and each year must be kept up 

 the constant fight for the control of insect pests and fungus diseases. 

 However, the apple grower of western New York is still producing 

 apples commercially and much of his success is due to the type of 

 farming which has been practiced for the last fifty years. 



The majority of growers in the counties considered sell their 

 product at the time of harvest. However, there is a growing tendency 

 toward storing. The returns received f. o. b. by the growers from 

 whom figures were obtained averaged $2.84 in 1910, $2.29 in 1911, 

 $1.83 in 1912, $2.80 in 1913, $1.63 in 1914, and $2.47 in 1915. There 

 was some variation in the prices received for the different varieties, 

 due not merely to differences in quality, but to a considerable degree 

 to the ability of some growers to obtain a better price than others. 

 This is a personal factor, and perhaps one of the chief factors of suc- 

 cess in the cases of many of the farmers of this area. 



In determining the net profit received for a product, it is usual to 

 find the total cost and subtract from that figure the receipts from the 

 by-product, if any. The balance is the net cost. The product in this 

 particular instance is the marketable barreled apple. The by-prod- 



