3 erv® 



Circular No. 869 



June 1951 • 5 Washington^ D. C. 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



Control of Insects 



in 



Stored and Manufactured Tobacco 



By 



Joseph N. Tenhet and C. O. Baiie/'c nto inologi sts , 



Division of Truck Crop and Garden Insect Investigations, 



Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine 2 



Agricultural Research Administration 



CONTENTS 



Introduction 



The cigarette beetle 



Description and life history. 



Seasonal occurrence 



Habits 



The tobacco moth 



Description and life history. 



Seasonal occurrence 



Habits.. 



Other pests of tobacco. _ 



Natural enemies of stored-tobac- 

 co insects 



Source of insect infestations in 



tobacco 



Cigarette tobaccos 



Cigar tobaccos 



Manufactured tobacco prod- 

 ucts 



Control on the farm 



Sanitation 



Use of residual sprays 



Use of space sprays 



Page 

 2 

 3 

 3 

 4 

 5 

 5 

 5 

 7 



10 



Page 



Control on the farm — Con. 



Covering of bulks. _ 14 



Control in storage warehouses 14 



Insect traps 14 



Screening 15 



Open-type warehouses. _ 16 



Closed-type warehouses __ 18 



Control by chamber fumigation. 23 



Atmospheric chamber 23 



Vacuum chamber 26 



Control in tobacco factories 28 



Preventing infestation 28 



Insect traps 29 



Fumigation of manufactured 



tobacco 29 



Heat treatment and cold 



storage 30 



An insect-control program in 



tobacco warehouses 30 



Cost of insect control 31 



Safeguards in fumigation. 31 



Suggestions for further reading-.. 32 



1 This circular supersedes U. S. Dept. Agr. Cir. 635, Control of Insects Attack- 

 ing Stored Tobacco and Tobacco Products, by W. D. Reed and J. P. Yinzant. 



2 W. D. Reed, J. P. Yinzant, Ross W. Brubaker, E. M. Livingston, and A. W. 

 Morrill, Jr., conducted much of the early research reported in this paper, 



