GAME AS A jSTATIOXAL RESOURCE. 45 



New York, which has the most completely organized warden 

 force of all the States, in 1919 had 125 game- protectors under a chief 

 protector, a deputy chief protector, and several inspectors. The total 

 cost of the service in the year ending June 30, 1919, was $323,265.19. 

 Of this amount, $180,166.21 was expended for salaries of protectors; 

 $9,976.50 for wages; $88,909.40 for traveling expenses; $3,434.19 for 

 expenses of prosecutions; $7,679.57 for operation of launches; $12,- 

 472.13 for printing ; $10,596.40 for equipment and supplies, including 

 hunters' buttons; and $10,030.79 for miscellaneous items. The law 

 provided for the appointment of 131 game protectors in 1920 at $1,200 

 to $1,500 each; 12 inspectors at $1,800 each; a deputy chief game pro- 

 tector at $3,000; and a chief protector at $5,000. The salary roll 

 authorized for these officers amounted to from $186,000 to $226,100. 

 With allowances for traveling expenses, operation of launches, and 

 miscellaneous items, the total expense authorized for warden service 

 was fully $350,000. On the other hand, receipts from hunting and 

 other licenses and miscellaneous income from fish and game for the 

 fiscal year 1919 amounted to $382,499. 



COST OF GAME REFUGES. 



NATIONAL GAME REFUGES. 



In any consideration of the matter of the cost of game refuges, 

 whether national, State, municipal, or private, it is important to 

 distinguish between the original cost of establishment and the ex- 

 pense of maintenance. In the case of national refuges comparatively 

 little has been expended in the purchase of lands, as most of the 

 areas originally belonged to the Federal Government, but there have 

 been some expenses for inclosing or for stocking them. In four cases 

 it Avas necessary for the Government to purchase the areas on which 

 the reservations are now located. The land for the National Bison 

 Range, on the former Flathead Indian Reservation, Mont., was pur- 

 chased from the Indians in 1908 at a cost of $30,000, and the expense 

 of inclosing it and making it ready for game brought the total cost 

 to approximately $50,000. In establishing the winter Elk Refuge, 

 in Jackson Hole, Wyo., it was necessary to purchase some tracts 

 which were already under cultivation in order to obtain lands on 

 which hay could be raised for the animals, and for this purpose Con- 

 gress made appropriations aggregating $50,000. In the case of the 

 game preserve in the Wind Cave National Park, S. Dak., to secure 

 an adequate water supply it was necessary to acquire a small private 

 holding within the park and some additional land adjoining the 

 northern boundary, and about 456 acres, purchased for this purpose 

 at a cost of $9,880, were thus added to the park. Recently, the Pisgab 

 Game Preserve, in the Appalachian Forest in North Carolina, was 



