CUTWORMS, ARMYWORMS, AND RELATED SPECIES 



27 



seven instars, but most of them through seven. The periods re- 

 quired in the various stages and the width of the head capsule in the 

 different larval instars were as follows: 



Stage : Period 



Instar: (days) 



First _. 6 to 10 



Second , 8 to 20 



Third Jl. 10 to 29 



Fourth '_ J_ 72 to 111 



Fifth _^.:1 13 to 35 



Sixth 1 ---A 28to 37 



Sixth 2 13 to 31 



Seventh 14 to 31 



Width of head 

 capsule (mm.) 



0.35 to 0.40 



.45 to .55 



.60 to .80 



.75 to 1.05 



1.10 to 1.50 



1.60 to 1.90 



Total J 183 to 223 



Pupa ,__._; 19 to 28 



Egg to adult 4. 212 to 240 



1 Larvae having 6 instars. 



2 Larvae having 7 instars. 



Summer generation: Eggs deposited on May 18 hatched in 7 days; 

 those deposited on May 20 hatched in 5 days. The periods required 

 in the various stages were as follows: 



Stage : Period 



Instar: (days) 



First 4 to 9 



Second 4 to -12 



Third 4 to 14 



Fourth 6 to 17 



Fifth 3 to 16 



Sixth 1 19 to 36 



Stage — Continued Period 



Instar — Continued (days) 



Sixth 2 7 to 20 



Seventh 20 to 42 



Total 51 to 91 



Pupa 13 to 16 



Egg to adult 80 to 111 



1 Larvae having 6 instars. 



2 Larvae having 7 instars. 



The eggs were 0.64 to 0.69 mm. in diameter; the pupae 12 to 16 mm. 

 long, and 0.39 to 0.57 mm. in diameter. 



Reproductive capacity. — Three females when dissected contained an 

 average of 518 eggs. 



Natural enemies. — Of 16 field-collected larvae reared, 1 was para- 

 sitized by Berecyntus hakeri var. bakeri How. 



Orthodes (formerly Eriopyga) incincta (Morrison) 



(Figs. % if; 4, N;5, A; 7, 1) 



A discussion of this species was published by the writer (17) in 1937. 



Distribution. — According to records of the Bureau of Entomology 

 and Plant Quarantine, the species ranges from Illinois to the Pacific 

 coast. 



Economic status. — It is of minor economic importance in the central 

 Great Plains. 



Food plants. — The larvae were taken under surface trash, along 

 roadside hedges, and in grassy areas where little barley (Hordeum 

 pusillum Nutt.) was the predominant species of grass. 



Seasonal history. — There is but one generation annually. The 

 adults are present from late in August to mid-October. The eggs 

 hatch in 8 to 32 days after deposition in or on the surface of the 

 soil, and the species passes the winter as partially grown larvae. 



