pounds or slightly less, without serious injury to the storage quality. 
If appreciable water core begins to develop the fruit should be picked. 
Delayed picking is desirable to obtain high color, good size, and 
good dessert quality. The number of days from bloom is probably the 
most reliable index of time to start picking. The development of 
water core often indicates the approach of overmaturity. 
Stayman Winesap ripens relatively rapidly after being removed 
from the tree; if long keeping is desired, therefore, the variety should 
be placed under refrigeration immediately, particularly if picking has 
been delayed until the fruit has become rather soft. ° 
W AGENER 
The Wagener variety is extremely susceptible to water core while on 
the tree and to scald while in storage. In general, in order to insure 
high color and the greatest resistance to storage scald, the fruit should 
be left on the tree until it begins to drop or until water core begins to 
develop. 
This variety is well adapted to a short period in air-cooled storage 
in the shorter season districts. If intended for common-storage hold- 
ing, fruit should remain on the tree as long as possible or until water 
core development becomes serious. If intended for cold-storage hold- 
ing, the fruit should be picked late or oiled paper should be used in 
storing it. If placed in cold storage after being packed in oiled paper, 
fruit showing a pressure test of 18 pounds or slightly above will ap- 
parently give very satisfactory results. 
Palmer (76) pointed out that Wagener fruit requires a long grow- 
ing season of 170 days from bloom to develop good dessert quality and 
resistance to scald and that it should not be grown in regions having 
short growing seasons. In the United States, however, the variety is 
most extensively planted in Michigan, and in that State it cannot be 
left on the trees as long as 170 days because freezing may occur about 
160 days from bloom. 
WILLIAMS 
The Williams variety blooms rather unevenly and also matures its 
fruit unevenly ; usually several pickings, based on color and size of the 
fruit, are made. The apples generally mature in about 70 days from 
bloom (8). This brings them to maturity in midsummer, and they 
ripen very rapidly at summer temperatures. If stored at all, ordinar- 
ily they are held for only short periods. The fruit must be cooled 
promptly after harvest if it is to be held in storage. This variety 
drops badly when mature unless harvest sprays are used. Such sprays 
are extremely effective in preventing dropping of Williams. If these 
sprays are used, care must be taken not to allow the fruit to become 
overmature on the trees or it will break down badly while on the 
market. 
WINESAP 
When picked early, Winesap has a rather pronounced tendency to 
scald late in the storage season. Moreover, it is of great advantage to 
leave the apples on the tree sufficiently long to acquire maximum size 
and the characteristic high color of the variety. Winesap apples 
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