28 



BULLETIN 285, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



lumber in 1912 exceeded that of softwood by 25 per cent. Hard- 

 woods are indispensable for hundreds of uses none the less important 

 because they demand a relatively small supply. Among them are 

 finishing, flooring, furniture, turnery, "novelties/' woodenware, 

 handles, shuttles, bobbins, spools, vehicles, veneer boxes and baskets, 

 and many others, none of which use much, but which in the aggre- 

 gate consume a great and increasing quantity of hardwood material. 

 In certain regions hardwoods now compete actively with softwoods 

 in box making and to some extent in construction. They furnish 

 the greater part of the wood used for fuel in the hardwood region. 

 The manufacture of wood alcohol and charcoal is supported by 

 maple, beech, and birch (Pis. XI and XII), and practically all the 

 northern hardwoods are now used in paper production (PL XIII). 



ANNUAL CUT. 



The annual cut in 1912 of the principal northern hardwoods is 

 shown in Table 8, prepared from the census report for that year. 1 

 The proportion of these species, individually and collectively, con- 

 tained in the total hardwood cut in each of the States and in the 

 whole northern hardwood region is also given. 



Table 8. — Annual lumber cut (1912) of the principal hardwoods of the northern hard- 

 wood forest, with the proportion of each in the total hardwood cut of the States and the 

 United States. 

 [Compiled from data in Census Bureau circular, "Forest products: Lumber, lath, and shingles, 1912.''] 





Maine. 



New Hampshire. 



Vermont. 



New York. 



Species. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 of all 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 of all 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 of all 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 of all 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 





Mft. b. m. 



11,423 



51,110 



7,264 



5,499 



407 



12.5 



55.8 



8.0 



6.0 



.4 



Mft. b. to. 



11,256 



18, 132 



8,986 



1,493 



350 



18.3 



29.4 



14.6 



2.4 



.6 



Mft. b. to. 



30.435 



31,551 



13,144 



7,957 



1,348 



31.4 



32.5 



13.5 



8.2 



1.4 



Mft. b. to. 

 76, 891 

 31,395 

 40,761 

 28,513 



30.7 



Birch 



12.5 





16.3 



Basswood 



11.4 



Elm 



13,684 1 5.5 







Total 



75, 703 



82.7 



40,217 



65.3 



84,435 



87. 



191,244 



76.4 









Pennsylvania. 



Michigan. 



Wisconsin. 



Minnesota. 



Species. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 of all 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 ofall 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 ofall 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Quantity. 



Per cent 

 of all 

 hard- 

 woods 

 cut. 



Maple 



Mft. b. m. 

 81, 617 

 17,666 

 49, 686 

 10,925 

 2,994 



16.0 

 3.5 

 9.7 

 2.1 

 .6 



Mft. b. w. 

 453,110 

 55,350 

 92, 106 

 53,533 

 52, 757 



60.7 

 7.4 



12.3 

 7.2 

 7.1 



Mft. b. m. 

 US, 765 

 140,071 

 2,913 

 79,389 

 50,608 



27.1 

 32.0 

 .7 

 18.1 

 11.6 



Mft. b. m. 



1,255 



6,452 



117 



13,713 



12,245 



2 2 



Birch 



11.4 



Beech 



■j 



Basswood 



24. 3 



Elm 



21.7 







Total 



162, SS8 



31.9 



706, S56 



94.7 



391,746 



S9.5 



33,782 



59.9 







Bureau of the Census: Forest products— Lumber, lath, and shingles, 1912. 



