THE NOKTHERN" HARDWOOD FOREST. 33 



Table 12. — Average stumpage values of northern hardwoods for 1907 and 1912 — Contd. 





Lake States. 





Aver- 

 age of 

 three 

 States. 



Michigan. 



"Wisconsin. 





Species and year. 



State 

 aver- 

 age. 



Upper 

 penin- 

 sula. 



Lower 

 penin- 

 sula. 



South- 

 ern 

 tier of 

 coun- 

 ties. 



State 

 aver- 

 age. 



North- 

 ern 



coun- 

 ties. 



South- 

 ern 



coun- 

 ties. 



Minne- 

 sota. 



Maple: 



1907 



$3. 63156 



5.41208 



4. 50167 



5.44194 



3. 0282 

 4. 5492 



7. 42163 



8.02247 



6. 10172 

 6.61227 



6. 49156 

 6.85195 



$4. 1792 



6. 75 8 " 



4. 9589 

 6.3461 



3. 1175 



4. 7978 



8. 2688 

 9.5786 



7. 4987 

 8. 7782 



7.2490 

 8. 727i 



$1. 9122 



$4. 5564 



$8. 50 6 



$2. 7160 

 3.48104 



3. 9466 



4.86H1 



2.007 

 3.1714 



6. 5965 



7.12122 



4. 7276 



5.01H2 



5. 4359 



5.3899 



$2. 6157 



$4.67 3 



$5. 134 



1912 



9 86 20 



Birch: 



1907 



3. 2423 



5. 4964 



7.292 







4. 291 2 



1912 







5.84 22 



Beech: 



1907 



1.426 



2.8963 



7.176 









1912 









Basswood: 



1907 



5. 6123 



8. 9559 



_ 11. 676 







5. 50i° 



1912 







7.41 39 



Elm: 



1907 



4. 0319 



8. 3462 



9.676 







4.229 



1912 







6.70 33 



Ash:- 



1907 



4. 642i 



7. 6763 



11. 836 







5.797 



1912 







7.3625 

















Note. — These figures are averages of estimates by timberland owners. The small numerals indicate the 

 number of reports on which the averages are based. In the case of Michigan and Wisconsin, stumpage 

 values in different parts of the States are shown for 1907 to indicate the effect of differences in accessibility 

 upon stumpage values. Similar data were not obtained for 1912. The 1907 data are, of course, obsolete, 

 and illustrate nothing except tendencies. Averages of actual sales of stumpage in 1912 are shown for these 

 regions in Bulletin 152, "The Eastern Hemlock," Table 10. 



MANAGEMENT. 



THE PLACE OF THE NORTHERN HARDWOODS IN FOREST MANAGEMENT. 



The practice of forestry by private owners is practicable in the case 

 of certain quick-growing, valuable species, or, where wood in small 

 sizes is in steady demand, for slower-growing species under short 

 rotations, or on estates maintained for recreation, hunting, or park 

 purposes, in which the cost of maintenance is not charged against 

 the stumpage value. In the case of the northern hardwoods, how- 

 ever, management is, for the present at least, largely a matter of 

 Federal, State, or municipal, rather than of private, concern. The 

 need for such a supply can hardly be questioned. Softwoods will, 

 of course, always be in greater demand, but for furniture, flooring, 

 and finish, veneer, distillation, "novelties," and other uses for 

 which the various northern hardwoods are peculiarly fitted, there will 

 undoubtedly always be a market. The use of substitutes for wood 

 and the importation of foreign hardwoods may retard increase in 

 value ; but in spite of a decrease in per capita consumption, the total 

 demand may be expected to tax the capacity of a reduced forest 

 area to supply it. 



The agricultural value of much of the land now in hardwoods will 

 cause it eventually to be cleared and tilled. This is especially true 

 637°— Bull. 285—15 3 



