&4$ 



UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF A€RjLCULTt2R^ 

 BULLETIN No. 285 \^ " 



Contribution from the Forest Service 

 HENRY S. GRAVES, Forester 



Washington, D. C. 



PROFESSIONAL PAPER 



October 22, 



THE NORTHERN HARDWOOD FOREST: 



ITS COMPOSITION, GROWTH, 



AND MANAGEMENT 



By 

 E. H. FROTHEMGHAM, Forest Examiner 



CONTENTS 



Introduction 



The Northern Hardwood Forest 



Topography and Climate . . 



Composition 



Form 



Growth 



Second Growth 



Economic Importance . . . . 



General Utility 



Page 

 1 

 2 

 3 



Economic Importance — Continued. 



Annual Cut 



Present Supply 



Value of Standing Timber . . . . 

 Management 



Place of Northern Hardwoods in For- 

 est Management 



Species Mentioned in this Bulletin . . 

 Appendix 



Page 



28 

 31 

 31 

 33 



33 

 45 

 47 



WASHINGTON 



GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 



1915 



