' LUPINES AS POISONOUS PLANTS. Dil 
that the leaves are toxic. Inasmuch as the field experiments upon 
sheep were inconclusive in regard to the toxicity of the leaves, this 
is an important addition to the knowledge of the subject. 
The field experiments gave little information as to the relative 
toxicity of the different species of lupimes. There was nothing to 
indicate any difference in the toxic effect of those used in the feeding 
experiments. Accordingly, afew experiments were made on mice with 
extracts of the seed of the available species. Seeds of three Ameri- 
can species were used, and through the kindness of Mr. Piper, of the 
United States Department of Agriculture, seeds were obtained of the 
three common European species, Lupinus albus, L. angustifolius, and 
L. luteus. - Extracts of these lupines were prepared by Mr. Black, using 
exactly the same method as that employed in the preceding test of 
the seeds of L. leucopsis. A series of tests was made on mice by 
intraperitoneal injection of these extracts. Table 3 shows the re- 
sults. In this table, for purposes of comparison, the experiments 
with seeds in Table 1 are included. 
TaBLE 3.—Comparative toxicity to mice of the seed of different species cf lupines. 
Used per 25 grams 
of animal. 
Plant. Result. 
Mouse. | Weight. |} Extract.| Plant. | Extract.| Plant. 
Animal. Amount used. 
Lupinus leucopsis: Grams. Cxe: Grams. Cres Grams. 
1914 seed. .-.-..- No. 39. 24 0. 20 OR24 ee oak 0. 25 Death in 124 minutes. 
ID Ou eae eas. No. 40- 19 o15 AL SAE Peels .237 | Sick; recovery. 
IGISISce Cea acee: No. 41. 2255 - 20 SAN SIREN .266 | Not sick. 
MOees 5258 No. 42. 21 ~20 Om Meee ees 357 +| Death in 14 minutes. 
Lupinus luteus...-.- No. 49. 18.5 ald .18 0.2 2D None. 
IDOE auc eee ee INOSA9S Eee ew 35 -6 ‘il -8 Sick; recovery. 
IDO Hee ese cece No. 50- 21 B20, 3 3 - 36 Symptoms. 
Lupinus albus. ..--- No. 51. 23 -5 6 - 54 . 65 Death in 3 minutes. 
DOA ost ee No. 52- 23.5 2 - 24 21 325 Death in 13 minutes. 
pups angusti- | No. 53. 24 25 3 - 26 23 Death in 19 minutes. 
olius. 
DOs ee Sree No. 54. 27 215 18 14 17 Symptoms. 
Hupinus leucophyl- 
us: 
1913 seed....... No. 56. 2255 «25 Sere Gaeaaenacd -335 | Death in 64 minutes. 
Wot si wes: No. 57. 21.5 215 SSM aes Seise - 2075 | Symptoms. 
Lupinus argenteus: 
1913 seed ....--- No. 58- 21.5 <20 POR eee cece -35 Death in 4 minutes. 
1D OVS arene No. 59. 26. 75 calls Las meray .168 | Death in 6 minutes. 
Dorie sts3: No. 60- 19 15 oO Os eeereee ane . 1185 | Symptoms. 
In regard to mouse No. 49, it should be stated that inasmuch as the 
first injection of 0.15 c.c. of extract produced no results, a second in- 
jection of 0.5 c.c. was given shortly afterward. From the known facts 
in regard to lupine poisoning it is not to be presumed that there was 
any appreciable accumulative effect from the preceding injection. 
Table 3 shows very clearly that by this method of experimentation 
Lupinus albus and L. angustifolius appear to be about equally toxic. 
L. luteus, however, is much less toxic, it being necessary to take prob- 
ably three or four times the quantity in order to produce results. It 
