LUPINES AS POISONOUS PLANTS. Be 
according to weight) would be distinctly different from that com- 
‘puted for the same animals in a normal, healthy condition. This 
may possibly explain why in the cases of Nos. 251 and 280 the dosage, 
computed on the basis of a 100-pound animal, so much exceeds the 
lethal dose shown in the preceding experiments. For example, 
sheep No. 280 weighed 99 pounds earlier in the season, while at the 
time of the experiment it weighed only 84 pounds. If the dosage of 
material given September 4 were computed on the assumption that 
the animal had its original weight, it would reduce the amount given 
in the table to approximately the toxic or lethal dose of the preceding 
animals, and as the margin between no symptoms and toxicity is so 
small this animal would not differ materially from the others. 
TABLE 5.—Sheep given forced feedings of lupine fruit in 1914. 
Pounds fed 
Feed and animal. Date fed. Saat Result. 
animal. 
Fruit, fully developed: 
Os, Ae Soi ae ea a ae a ily Gseeee ss eae 0.882 | Not sick 
INOS Plt 3s BBs as As oN NES es aaa gee ea AOU aaa ee ee 441 (0) 
INO BUC Sie Se eS hist Cees Ra et eee eon anes ie anee dibuhy ise sepeasae 1.322 Do 
INOS ZIG GAS SNe ASA ates SH OC Rep reas ca ere DaTliylO eee esi 1.764 | Death 
INO 2 5 Sie ese ee eee ee See eee eS Duliy, 20s eens oe 1.548 Do. 
INOS2 OO eGe e mama me Ny ee eke dhol hy PB Aoseeeauemrs 1.433 | Not sick. 
INOS 2A 0 eM secon ye es ideas es ce ery Soe poe ot July 2ee ee see 1.543 | Symptoms. 
INO 29a eae Seer seen. ves LeU eRe esi Peers COzetaee sees. 1.433 | Not sick. 
ING SAB OAS 5 Sac aa Sasa Bok Aaa Ses es ee ditty Paes ba SeRaasse 1.763 | Death. 
ING@y PRs Ss oS be Bae a Ae ree eee ine ee ie Onan NG Feds GAY eee ere oe 1.543 | Not sick. 
IND: DES ae ee Es a a eee I Nib ae es eee 1.541 Do. 
INOW 25 Rina Sepia he eas See Se ee as Lobe oe I Sep te 2ieseee ene 1.761 Do. 
Ob PD Sc BONE ae ae ee ee a ee ee Sept. 4 e ss ee 1.901 Do. 
Seed heads, fully developed: 
ING PND OS Sosa oad ee are emt e eenremasae ate liys28=29 =e eee 1.033 Do. 
It is evident from Table 5 that approximately 14 pounds of fully 
| developed fruit will produce symptoms or death in a 100-pound 
_ sheep—that is, it takes three times as much of the fruit to poison as 
of the seed. 
SYMPTOMS. : 
Some of the sheep poisoned by lupine, froth at the mouth, but this 
is by no means a universal symptom. The most noticeable and 
significant symptom is the character of the breathing. In the milder 
cases the breathing is heavy and labored, subsiding into a condition 
of coma in which the animal may continue for a long time, snoring 
as though in a deep sleep. If able to stand, the animal may fall 
over in its sleep. In the more acute cases, there are severe attacks 
of dyspnea, during which the animal throws itself about violently 
in its attempts to breathe. During these attacks the tongue and 
mouth become cyanotic from the congested peripheral blood ves- 
sels. Sometimes in these attacks of dyspnea the animal dies in 
convulsions in which the limbs are extended rigidly, much as when 
poisoned by strychnin. In other cases the condition of coma deep- 
