36 BULLETIN 405, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 
comparable with the “‘ictrogenic” poisoning reported in Germany, 
especially noticeable being the atrophy of the liver accompanied by 
a yellowing of the connective tissues. 
While some American authors have distinguished between ‘‘acute” 
and ‘‘chronic” lupine poisoning, their statements appear to have 
been drawn from European sources, and Dr. Knowles has apparently 
been the first to note and record definitely cases which can be diag- 
nosed as instances of ‘‘lupinosis”’ or ictrogenic poisoning. The clear- 
cut evidence presented by Dr. Knowles seems conclusive and makes 
it probable that other similar cases will be found, although it does 
not seem likely that lupime causes large losses of horses in the ag- 
gregate. 
PATHOLOGY. 
Some typical pathological material from the autopsies was exam- 
ined by Dr. Formad, of the Bureau of Animal Industry. A large 
amount of material remains for examination, which may be made 
the subject of a future report. The general character of the pre- 
liminary report was confirmatory of the results of the macroscopic 
examination of the cases. 
There was fullness and congestion of the pulmonary capillaries. 
The hepatic cells showed the presence of a mild degree of cloudy 
swelling and some cedema. ac! 
The kidneys showed a slight degree of cloudy swelling of the 
epithelium, and in some cases fullness between the convoluted 
tubules of the cortex and overdistension of the capillaries of the 
medulla accompanied in places by outwandering of the leucocytes 
and diapedesis of the red-blood corpuscles, indicatmg a marked 
congestion. 
COMPARISON OF “LUPINOSIS” AND POISONING OF SHEEP BY 
AMERICAN LUPINES. 
The symptoms of lupinosis are described in detail by a number of 
European authors, e. g., Ziirn (1879), Arnold and Schneidemihl 
(1883), Roloff (1883). Summaries are given by Dammann (1902, p. 
340-341) and Hutyra and Marek (1913, p. 524-525). | 
The characteristic symptoms are: 
(a) Loss of appetite. 
(b) Fever in the first stages of the disease. 
(c) Weakness. 
(d) Cerebral excitement; thrusting the head against a wall and into corners. 
(e) Gnashing of teeth. 
(f) Pain in hind part of body. 
(g) Diarrhea; ill-smelling excrement. 
(h) Sometimes bloody urine, containing bile and albumen. 
(<) Yellowing of conjunctiva and visible parts of mucous membranes in most cases, 
but not in all. 
(7) In some cases swelling of ears, eyelids, lips, and nose. 
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