LUPINES AS POISONOUS PLANTS. adh 
EXPERIMENTS WITH SHEEP. 
In the experimental work with sheep the attempt was made to 
have the animals, if possible, eat the plant. In experiments with 
seeds it was found that the extremely bitter taste led the sheep to 
avoid them, but when they were ground up and mixed with bran 
the material was eaten quite readily. When it was found difficult, in 
the case of corral animals, to get them to eat enough to produce 
any effect, drenching and forced feeding were used. In drenching, 
the sheep was placed on its haunches and the drench, which con- 
sisted of the plant material finely ground and suspended in water, was 
given by a bottle. For the forced feeding the material was ground 
and given by means of a vetermarian’s balling gun. The plant mate- 
rial fed in this manner was placed a little at a time in the back part of 
the sheep’s mouth. As soon as this was swallowed more was given, 
and the process continued until the desired quantity had been given 
to the animal. 
TYPICAL CASE OF SHEEP NO. 184. 
Sheep No. 184, a 2-year-old ewe weighing 62.5 pounds, was taken 
into the corrals on August 16, 1913, for feeding. On August 17, at 
8.45 p. m., she was given 200 grams of unground seed of Lupinus 
leucopsis, mixed with oats, corn, and wheat, which was equivalent to 
0.705 pound per 100 pounds of animal. During the day this was all 
eaten. 
On August 18, at 6.55 a. m., the sheep was found lying partly on 
one side with her head on the ground, as though in sleep, and trem- 
‘ bling in the forelegs. When stimulated she attempted to get up, 
but was unable to raise her body from the ground. Through the 
struggle the respiration became more marked and heavy, the animal 
breathing much as though in a deep sleep. After the struggle the 
pulse was 174 and fairly strong. At 7.10 a.m. the respiration was 36 
and the temperature 101° F. Plate I, figure 1, shows the condition 
of the animal as she appeared at 7.15 a.m. At 8 a.m. she lay with 
her head extended on the ground, in much the same position as at 
7.15. She raised her head for a few moments, then slowly dropped it 
with eyes half closed, asifin sleep. At 8.05 a.m. she held her head 
up, and apparently made an effort to walk. Her respiration was 36 
per minute, noisy, and deep. Her sides trembled as she breathed. 
The pulse was 122. At 8.50 a.m. she got upon her feet and stood sev- 
eral minutes, then leaned against the fence and sank down again. At 
8.55 a. m. she stood with her legs bent at the knees as though in an 
effort to balance herself. Her respiration was 36 and of the same 
character as before. There was some frothing at the mouth. Her 
ears hung low. Plate I, figure 2, shows the attitude of the animal at 
8.57. At 10.30 a. m. she lay breathing as before and trembling. 
Her temperature was 103.3° F. At 10.35 a. m. she was raised upon 
