FLAT-HEADED BORERS AFFECTING FOREST TREES. 7 



(Cercis), palo verde (Cercidium), creosote-bush (Covillea), maple (Acer), 

 zizyphus (Zizyphus), coffee-berry (Rhamnus), grape (Vilis), ocatillo 

 (Fouquieria), basswood (Tilia), dogwood (Cornus), wild lilac (Ceanothus), 

 sour gum (Nyssa), and persimmon (Diospyros). Kills injured shrubs and 

 trees. 



Anihaxia. Throughout United States, bark-borer in trunk and branches of injured, 

 dying, and dead shrubs and trees: Pine (Pinus), Douglas spruce (Pseudo- 

 tsuga), fir (Abies), hickory (Hicoria), willow (Salix), oak (Quercus), elm 

 ( Ulmus), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus), service berry (Amelanchier), 

 plum (Prunus), redbud (Cercis), grape ( Vilis), and paulownia (Paulownia). 

 Kills injured shrubs. 



Xenorhipis. Southern States, twig-miner in dead twigs: Hickory (Hicoria). 



Cinyra. Atlantic States, wood-miner in dead limbs: Oak (Quercus). 



Poecilonota. Throughout United States, bark and wood miner in trunk of injured 

 trees: Willow (Salix) and aspen and cotton wood (Populus). 



Trachykele. Southern, Rocky Mountain, and Pacific States, wood-borer in stump, 

 trunk, and branches of injured, dying, and dead trees: Hemlock (Tsuga), 

 fir ( Abies), bald cypress ( taxodium), big tree (Sequoia), incense cedar (Libo- 

 cedrus), arborvitae ( Thuja), cypress (Cupressus), and juniper (Juniperus). 



Dicerca. Throughout United States, wood-borer in the stump, trunk, and branches of 

 injured, dying, and dead shrubs and trees: Pine (Pinus), spruce (Picea), 

 Douglas spruce (Pseudotsuga), fir (Abies,) bald cypress (Taxodium), butter- 

 nut ('Juglans), hickory (Hicoria), willow (Salix), aspen, poplar, and 

 cottonwood (Populus), birch (Betula), alder (Alnus), beech (Fagus), oak 

 (Quercus), elm (Ulmus), hackberry (Celtis), mountain mahogany (Cerco- 

 carpus), cherry, peach, plum (Prunus), sumach (Rhus), and poison oak 

 (Toxicodendron), maple (Acer), buckeye (Aesculus), coffee-berry (Rhamnus), 

 wild lilac (Ceanothus), dogwood (Cornus), black gum (Nyssa), persimmon 

 (Diospyros), ash (Fraxinus), and snowberry (Symphoricarpus). 



Thrincopyge. Southwestern States, wood or pith borer in the flower stem: Yucca, 

 Spanish bayonet, palmio, sotal (Dasylirion); nolina (Nolina). 



Polycesta, Southwestern and Pacific States, wood-borer in the stump, trunk, and 

 branches of injured, dying, and dead shrubs and trees: Cottonwood (Pop- 

 ulus), alder (Alnus), oak (Quercus), sycamore (Platanus), mountain mahog- 

 any (Cercocarpus), apple and pear (Pyrus), Christmas berry (Heteromeles) , 

 almond (Prunus), catsclaw (Acacia), mesquite (Prosopis), redbud (Cercis), 

 palo verde (Cercidium), maple (Acer), and manzanita (Arctostaphylos) . 



Chrysophana. Rocky Mountain and Pacific States, wood-borer in stump, trunk, top, and 

 branches of injured, dying, and dead trees: Pine (Pinus), hemlock (Tsuga), 

 Douglas spruce (Pseudotsuga), fir (Abies), and arborvitae (Thuja). Cone- 

 burrower in cones of knobcone pine (Pinus attenuata). 



Acmaeodera. Throughout United States, wood-borer in stump, trunk, top, and branches 

 of shrubs and trees: Bald cypress (Taxodium), yucca sotal (Dasylirion), 

 hickory (Hicoria), poplar (Populus), alder (Alnus), oak (Quercus), hack- 

 berry (Celtis), California laurel (Umbellularia), mountain mahogany (Cer- 

 cocarpus), apple and pear (Pyrus), service berry (Amelanchier), Christmas 

 berry (Heteromeles), choke cherry (Padus) , plum and almond (Prunus), 

 redbud ( Cercis), palo verde ( Cercidi um), ironwood (Olneya), lupine (Lupinus), 

 china ash (Melia), poison oak (Toxicodendron), zizyphus (Zizyphus), coffee- 

 berry (Rhamnus), wild lilac (Ceanothus), manzanita (Arctostaphylos), and 

 yerba santa (Eriodictyon). 



Tyndaris. Southwestern States, wood-borer in roots, trunk, and branches of injured, 

 dying, and dead shrubs and trees: Catsclaw (Acacia), mesquite (Prosopis), 

 and ironwood (Olneya). 



Ptosima. Atlantic States, wood-borer in stump, trunk, top, and branches of injured, 

 dying, and dead shrubs: Redbud (Cercis). 



Mastogenius. Southern States, twig-borer in fire-killed saplings: Spanish oak (Quercus). 



Eupristocerus . Atlantic States, bark-borer in branches of living shrubs and trees: 

 Alder (Alnus). Causes the formation of enlarged growths (galls). 



Agrilus. Throughout United States, bark and wood borer in roots, stump, trunk, top, 

 and branches of healthy, injured, dying, and dead shrubs and trees: But- 

 ternut and walnut (iTuqlans), hickory (Hicoria), willow (Salix), aspen, 

 poplar, cottonwood, and Balm of Gilead (Populus), birch (Betula), alder 

 (Alnus), ironwood and hornbeam (Ostrya), beech (Fagus), chestnut ( Cas- 

 tanea), oak (Quercus), hackberry (Celtis), mulberry (Morus), raspberry and 

 blackberry (Rubus), apple (Pyrus), serviceberry (Amelanchier), catsclaw 

 (Acacia), coffee-tree (Gymnocladus), locust (Robinia), sumach (Rhus), 



