6 



CIRCULAR 4 4 7, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 



Table 2. — Summary of average and extreme freezing points of fruits 



Kind, variety, state of rr aturiry, 

 and place where grown 



Apples: i 



Summer varieties 



Fall and winter 



Crab 



Apricots 



A vocados, 2 Coliinson 



Bananas: 2 



Peel, immature 



Pulp, immature 



Peel, mature 



Pulp, mature 



Blackberries: i 



Black varieties 



White variety 



Logan (loganberry) 



Blueberry, Rubel 



Cherries: 1 



Sour mature, eastern- 

 grown 



Sweet mature, eastern- 

 grown . _ .-. ___._ 



Sweet mature, California 

 Sweet immature, Cali- 

 fornia 



Citrus: 1 



Grapefruit, flesh 



Grapefruit, rind 



Kumi'juat . .. 



Lemon, flesh, California.. 

 Lemon, rind, California ..- 



Lime, Persian 



Orange, flesh 



Aver- 

 age 



29.8 

 30.2 

 29.4 

 26.0 



28 9 

 28.4 

 29.5 

 27.4 



28.0 



24.7 

 24.2 



28.4 

 28.4 

 28.5 

 28.1 

 28.2 

 29.3 

 28.0 



Extremes 



Mini-. Maxi- 

 mum j mum 



F. 

 28.1 

 28.2 

 26.9 

 27.8 

 27 



29.8 

 30.1 

 29. 1 

 25.4 



28.6 

 28.1 

 29.3 

 26.9 



24 2 

 23.5 



25.0 



28.0 

 28.0 

 27.9 

 27.9 

 27.9 

 29.1 

 27. S 



F. 

 28.7 

 28.8 

 27.5 

 28.2 

 27.4 



29.9 

 30.6 

 29.5 

 26.5 



29.2 

 28.6 

 29.7 

 27.9 



25.2 

 24.7 



26. 5 



29.0 

 28.6 

 28,8 

 28.5 

 28.4 

 29.5 

 28.4 



Kind, variety, state of maturity, Aver- 

 and place where grown age 



Citrus— Continued. 



Orange, rind 



Tangerine, flesh „ 



Satsuma, Owari, flesh 



Coconuts: 2 



Flesh 



Milk . 



Cranberries * 2 



Currants 



x'igs, Mission, fresh, California 



G oose berries 



Grapes: 1 



American type 



European type . 



Mango, Faizanson 2 



Olives, fresh, 2 green 



Papaya. 



Peaches, hard ripe 



Pears, 1 hard ripe 



Pears, 1 soft ripe 



Persimmon, Tanenashi 



Pineapples, immature 



Pineapples, eating ripe 



Plums i 



Quince 



Raspberries ! 



Strawberries 1 



Chestnut, American 



C hestnuts, Italy 



Pecans, Schley 



Walnuts, Persian (English). . 

 Waternut, Chinese 



F. 

 27.4 

 29.2 

 2S.2 



25.5 

 30.4 

 27.2 

 30.2 

 27.1 



27.5 

 24.9 

 29.8 

 28.5 

 30.1 

 29.4 

 27. 7 

 27! 7 

 28.3 

 29.1 

 29.9 

 28.0 

 28.1 

 29.9 

 29.9 

 20.3 

 23. S 

 19.6 

 20.0 

 26.4 



Extremes 



Mini- Maxi- 

 mum mum 



F. 

 26.9 

 28.8 

 27.9 



23.5 



26.7 

 30.2 

 26.3 

 28.7 



27.2 

 24.3 

 29.7 

 °7 7 

 29! 9 

 29.0 

 27.2 

 27.1 

 28.1 

 28.7 

 29.6 

 27.7 

 28.0 

 29.5 

 29.5 

 18.5 

 23.0 

 19.2 

 19.0 

 25.4 



3 F. 

 28.2 

 29.4 

 28.7 



27.0 



27." 7 

 30.2 

 27.6 

 29.2 



27.8 

 25.5 

 30.0 

 29.4 

 30.4 

 29.7 

 28.0 

 28.2 

 28.6 

 29.8 

 30.2 

 28.3 

 28.4 

 30.1 

 30.1 

 21.8 

 24.2 

 19.9 

 22.1 

 27.0 



1 See table 1 for freezing points of different varieties. 



2 See footnote 1, table 1. 



Cherries 



Freezing-point determinations were made on three sour and two 

 sw T eet varieties of cherries grown on the Arlington Experiment Farm 

 and two varieties of sweet cherries from California. Special interest 

 is attached to the freezing points of the sweet varieties (table 1). 

 Determinations were made on both fully mature black fruit of the 

 two California varieties and on bright-red fruit which, although im- 

 mature, is often shipped to eastern markets. The immature bright- 

 red cherries w^ere quite sour, whereas the mature dark-red to black 

 fruit was sweet and of good eating quality. 



Dates 



American-grown dates, including five varieties (cured), were studied. 

 The low r freezing points of these fruits are to be noted. In most in- 

 stances these were below 0° F. 



Grapes 



Results were obtained with 1 1 varieties of American grapes, labrusca 

 type, and 7 varieties of European grapes, vinifera type, all American 

 growm. Although the average freezing point of the American grapes 

 grown at Arlington Farm or at the United States Horticultural Sta- 

 tion, Beltsville, Md., was 27.5° F., it will be noted (table 1) that 

 the freezing point of the Delaware variety, 24.6°, is considerably 

 below that of the other varieties of both American and European 

 types, due probably to the greater sugar content. In addition, there 

 were studied two varieties of vinifera-type grapes grown in Argentina 



