FREEZING TEMPERATURES 7 



and South Africa to compare with the same varieties grown in Cali- 

 fornia, and also five other commercial varieties from South Africa. It 

 will be noted that the American and South African grown Almeria 

 grapes had about the same freezing point, whereas the same variety 

 from Argentina froze at a temperature several degrees lower. On the 

 other hand, the Emperor variety from South Africa froze at higher 

 temperatures than those from either California or Argentina. The 

 lowest freezing point was 22.7° in the Almeria from Argentina. 



All the vinifera grapes studied came from commercial shipments on 

 the market and were all American grown and mature except where 

 noted. 



Oranges 



The average freezing points of oranges grown both in California and 

 in Florida were determined; that of the flesh averaged 28.0° F., and 

 that of the rind was 27.4°. 



Peaches 



Freezing-point determinations were made on 13 varieties of peaches 

 commercially grown in nearby Virginia or Maryland. Peaches in the 

 hard-ripe stage were utilized for these tests. The average figure was 

 29.4° F. 



Pears 



Studies were made on five commercial varieties of pears, all Cali- 

 fornia grown except the Kieffer variety. They were tested both in the 

 hard-ripe or shipping-ripe stage of maturity and in the soft-ripe or 

 eating-ripe stage. Fruit of both stages of maturity averaged 27.7° F. 



Plums 



Freezing points were obtained for three varieties of plums grown in 

 California and purchased on the market and for two varieties grown 

 at Arlington Farm. The variety with the lowest freezing point is 

 Damson, which froze at 25.9° F. The average of all varieties was 

 28.0°. 



Strawberries 



Freezing-point determinations were obtained for 16 varieties of 

 strawberries grown at the Maryland Agricultural Experiment Station 

 and at the United States Horticultural Station. The greatest differ- 

 ence was found between Lupton, which froze at 28.8° F., and Red- 

 heart, which froze at 30.3°. The average was 29.9°. 



Blackberries, Raspberries, and Cranberries 



Four varieties of blackberries, one of Logan blackberries (eastern 

 grown), and five of raspberries were studied. Four of the varieties of 

 cranberries frozen were grown in Wisconsin and eight in Massachusetts. 

 Considerable differences were found in the freezing points of some of 

 these varieties. While the McFarlin variety, for instance, froze at 

 29° F., Shaw's Success froze at 25°. 



Miscellaneous Fruits 



A number of other fruits and berries were investigated, but only one 

 variety was available in each case. The results are included in table 

 2, covering the average freezing points of all the fruits studied. Five 

 kinds of nuts were frozen. 



