4 BULLETIN 536, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Australasia: Western Australia, New South. Wales, Victoria, and Queensland, 



northern New Zealand, and Tasmania. 

 South America: Brazil and Argentina (Buenos Aires). 

 North America: Bermuda Islands. 

 Hawaiian Islands. 



MEDITERRANEAN REGIONS. 



The dates of the first discovery of the Mediterranean fruit fly io 

 the countries bordering on the Mediterranean can not be used with 

 precision in estabUshing a chronology of dispersion, since the pest 

 may have been present many years prior to the first entomological 

 observations recorded unless statements to the contrary are made 

 in literature. Aside from our first record of establishment in Mau- 

 ritius by Latreille in 1817, the earlier records refer to damage in the 

 Mediterranean region. According to MacLeay this pest was well 

 established in the Azores, Cape Verde, and Madeira Islands as early 

 as 1829, and was the source of much injury to oranges arriving at 

 London from these islands. It was first recorded from Spain in 

 1842, from Algeria in 1859, and from Turns in 1885. Compere gives 

 us our first records of its presence in Egypt at Port Said and in 

 Asiatic Turkey at Beirut, Jaffa, and Jerusalem in 1904. During 

 the same year, Cartwright records the infestation of oranges at 

 Kafir el Zayet (Egypt) and four years later Froggatt found many 

 infested oranges in the Cairo (Egypt) markets. Literature does not 

 record the presence of this pest in Malta until 1890, although it was 

 known to have become established there about 1875. In France the 

 Mediterranean fruit fly was reared from apricots at Courbevoie, in 

 the environs of Paris, in 1900, and by 1904 the fruit industry around 

 Mari times was ruined, according to Hooper. In 1916 the citrus 

 crops in Attica (Greece) and Epirus (Southern Albania) were reported 

 infested. 



AFRICA. 



Very little is known regarding the general distribution of the 

 Mediterranean fruit fly throughout the great central portion of the 

 African continent. While it is known to be a serious pest along the 

 Mediterranean shores and to have spread into the southern portion, 

 too few entomological observations have been made to warrant state- 

 ments concerning spread throughout the more tropical regions. 

 Graham in 1910 and Silvestri in 1913 state that it occurs in Dahomey, 

 southern Nigeria, and the Kongo. Gowdey's records from Uganda in 

 1909 are the first from tropical East Africa, although Anderson states 

 in 1914 that he had found C. capitata infesting coffee cherries in Brit- 

 ish East Africa. In 1912 Jack lists C. capitata as abundant through- 

 out southern Rhodesia, but Morstatt states definitely that the pest 

 did not occur in coffee cherries in German East Africa during 1913 

 and 1914. 



The first record of injury caused by the Mediterranean fruit fly in 

 South Africa was made by Miss Ormerod in 1889; but, as Mally states 



