60 



BULLETIN 536, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



yield adults after a period of dormancy for several months as has 

 been found to be true of the parasites Diachasma tryoni and DiacTiasma 

 fullawayi. 



Table XVI. — Duration of the pupa stage of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Hawaii 



(7,000 pupx). 





Date of 



Number 



Length 



Mean 





Date of 



Number 



Length 



Mean 



pupation. 



emerg- 



adults 



pupa 



tempera- 



pupation. 



emerg- 



adults 



pupa 



tempera- 



ence. 



emergmg. 



stage. 



ture. 



ence. 



emerging. 



stage. 



ture. 









Days. 



° F. 









Days. 



F. 



Feb. 3 1 



Feb. 23 



9 



20 



66.8 



Dec. 18-20 



Jan. 1 



167 



. 12-14 



72.9 



Do 



Feb. 24 



3 



21 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 2 



466 



13-15 



72.8 



Do 



Feb. 25 



82 



22 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 3 



152 



14-16 



72.7 



Do 



Feb. 26 



69 



23 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 4 



3 



15-17 



72.5 



Do 



Feb. 27 



1 



24 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 5 



2 



16-18 



72.4 



Do 



Mar. 3 



1 



28 



66.8 



Do 



Jan. 6 



1 



17-19 



72.3 



Feb. 27 2 



Mar. 13 



7 



14 



70.4 



Dec. 22-29 



Jan. 4 



27 



11-13 



72.4 



Do 



Mar. 14 



40 



15 



70.3 



Do 



Jan. 5 



528 



12-14 



72.3 



Do 



Mar. 15 



15 



16 



70.4 



Do 



Jan. 6 



541 



13-15 



72.1 



Do 



Mar. 17 



17 



18 



70.9 



Do 



Jan. 7 



804 



14-15 



71.9 



Do 



Mar. 18 



3 



19 



70.9 



Do 



Jan. 8 



57 



15-17 



71.5 



Dec. 1 



Dec. 12 



8 



11 



73.2 



Do 



Jan. 10 



1 



17-19 



71.3 



Do 



Dec. 13 



279 



12 



73.1 



June 10 



June 16 



5 



6 



76.4 



Do 



Dec. 14 



269 



13 



73.1 



Do 



June 19 



14 



9 



76.3 



Do 



Dec. 15 



' 116 



14 



73.2 



Do 



June 20 



101 



10 



76.3 



Do 



Dec. 16 



29 



15 



73.4 



Do 



June 21 



160 



11 



76.2 



Dec. 8-10 



Dec. 19 



2 



9-11 



73 



Do 



June 22 



7 



12 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 20 



1 



10-12 



73 



Do 



June 23 



3 



13 



76.3 



Do 



Dec. 21 



98 



11-13 



73.1 



July 13 



July 20 



1 



7 



79.2 



Do 



Dec. 22 



478 



12-14 



73.2 



Do 



July 21 



3 



8 



79.2 



Do 



Dec. 23 



189 



13-15 



73.2 



Do 



July 22 



39 



9 



79.2 



Do 



Dec. 24 



2 



14-16 



73.2 



Do 



July 23 



43 



10 



79.1 



Dec. 16-18 



Dec. 27 



24 



9-11 



73.3 



Do 



July 24 



3 



11 



79 



Do 



Dec. 28 



96 



10-12 



73.1 



June 8 



July 16 



2 



8 



76.2 



Do 



Dec. 29 



654 



11-13 



73.2 



Do 



July 17 



15 



9 



76.2 



Do 



Dec. 30 



712 



12-14 



73.2 



Do 



July 18 



28 



10 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 31 



72 



13-15 



73.2 



Do 



July 19 



53 



11 



76.1 



Dec. 18-20 



Dec. 29 



4 



9-11 



73.2 



Do 



July 20 



53 



12 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 30 



41 



10-12 



73.1 



Do 



July 21 



5 



13 



76.1 



Do 



Dec. 31 



415 



11-13 



73 













At Kealakekua, Kona, Hawaii. 



2 At Honolulu. 



While it is probable that the duration of the pupa stage in any 

 fruit-growing section in Hawaii is never more than 20 to 28 days 

 (average mean temperature 66.8° F.) the writers have shown that it 

 may be much longer under cooler conditions. As a contribution 

 toward what the maximum duration may be, the following data are 

 presented. 



In a glass refrigerator of the usual type for displaying fruits and vegetables, which 

 was kept at a temperature of from 58 to 62° F., the duration of pupal life was found to 

 range between 23 and 38 days when the pupae were placed within storage within half 

 a day after the formation of the puparium. Thus 4, 12, 9, 16, 44, 367, 1,217, 159, 25, 

 11, 5, 1, and 1 adults emerged in the refrigerator after 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 

 32, 33, 34, and 38 days, respectively, of refrigeration. One pupa 8 days old was held 

 in storage at from 40 to 45° F. for 27 days and yielded an adult 2 days after removal 

 to normal temperature, or 37 days after pupation. One hundred pupae placed in a 

 refrigerator when one-half day old and held continuously at a temperature of from 54 

 to 57° F. for 24 days, on removal to normal temperatures produced 2, 27, and 5 adults 

 in 4, 5, and 6 days, respectively, after removal, or 28, 29, and 30 days after pupation. 

 A second lot of 100 pupae, placed at 54 to 57° F. when 1 day old, produced 3, 16, 9, 3, 

 2, 4, and 2 adults in refrigeration in 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, and 38 days, respectively, 

 after pupation. 



