MEDITERRANEAN FRUIT ELY IN HAWAII. 93 



were already in the pupa stage when examined on August 31, and 

 emerged as adults 13 to 16 days after the eggs were deposited. The 

 temperature during this period ranged between 74° and 85° F., with 

 a mean of about 79° F. In Table XXV are the summaries of emer- 

 gence from 35 lots of C. capitata pupae secured from various fruits, 

 and these are presented since they demonstrate clearly that which 

 more detailed data will prove further — that 0. Jiumilis passes through 

 its immature stages more rapidly than either D. tryoni or D.fullawayi. 

 As the eggs of the parasites are deposited within the well grown 

 larva before it leaves the host fruits, from 1 to 4 days should be added 

 to the duration of the immature stages indicated in Table XXV. 



Three 0. Jiumilis emerged April 3 from C. capitata pupae formed 

 at Honolulu February 2, 1915, placed on Hualalai (temperature 

 range, 31°-70°F.) February 11, taken to Kealakekua March 26, and 

 to Honolulu March 29; i. e., the duration of the immature stages 

 was increased by this combination of cool weather to about 60 days. 

 Many records on file, not included in Table XXV, indicate that 

 detailed data will show more convincingly that 0. Jiumilis is less 

 affected by cold weather than either D. tryoni or D. fullawayi. 



Dormancy. — There appears to be no tendency for the larva? of 

 0. Jiumilis to pass through a period of dormancy. The larvae of 

 D. tryoni and D. fullawayi often apparently suspend activity when 

 they become full grown and remain dormant for several months. 

 Gurney first observed this phenomenon in the development of 

 tryoni. C. capitata pupae collected on February 2, 1915, produced 

 adults of tryoni normally as indicated by the data in Table XXV, 

 but two individuals emerged on May 5 and 27, respectively, or 92 

 and 114 days after the pupation of the host. Larvae of tryoni and 

 fullawayi in C. capitata larvae in fruits gathered November 27, 1915, 

 were still in the mature larva stage at the end of eight months (July, 

 1916). Similar data on the duration of other individuals are on 

 file. Mr. J. C. Bridwell has stated to the writers that he has observed 

 this same resting period among the larvae of an undetermined African 

 opiine, certain adults of which emerged three and four months after 

 the pupation of the host fruit fly. 



Instar of larvx parasitized. — It is generally admitted by those 

 rearing parasites in Hawaii that the adult parasites deposit their 

 eggs, for the most part, in well grown third-instar larvae while the 

 fruits are still attached to the tree or have fallen to the ground. 1 

 The data in Table XXVI show a rapid decrease in the percentages 

 of parasitism among larvae emerging from fruits during each suc- 

 ceeding two or three day interval after the gathering of the host 

 fruit. 



1 A former statement by the writers that the opiines oviposit for the most part in larvae in fruits still 

 attached to the tree is subject to modification. While oviposition occurs chiefly in coffee cherries at- 

 tached to the tree, oviposition in kamani nuts occurs largely after the fruits have fallen. 



