EFFECT OF GRAZING ON WESTERN YELLOW PINE. 27 



as little, as possible; that, wherever practicable, they be closed to 

 grazing except by passing stock; that a sufficient number be estab- 

 lished to prevent overgrazing; and that water be furnished in abun- 

 dance at proper intervals along them. 



Every effort should be made to protect yellow-pine reproduction in 

 the " twilight " zone between the yellow-pine type and the juniper- 

 pinion type. Conditions here are unusually unfavorable for yellow- 

 pine reproduction, and such seedlings as become established should by 

 all means be protected against grazing. 



Stock, especially sheep, should not be held in the yellow-pine type 

 during the winter, when they would be forced to eat reproduction. 



Advantage should be taken of grazing as a means of fire control 

 by securing proper utilization of all range where at present an 

 accumulation of inflammable unused feed occurs each year. Such 

 areas are common on the bunchgrass type and on other types of 

 range far removed from water or located on rough ridges and slopes. 



PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF 

 AGRICULTURE RELATING TO THE SUBJECT OF THIS 

 BULLETIN. 



PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION BY DEPARTMENT OF 



AGRICULTURE. 



Range Improvement by Deferred and Rotation Grazing. (Department Bulletin 

 No. 34.) 



Native Pasture Grasses of the United States. (Department Bulletin No. 201.) 



Carrying Capacity of Grazing Ranges in Southern Arizona. (Department 

 Bulletin No. 367.) 



Improvement and Management of Native Pastures in the West. (Separate 

 No. 678 from Yearbook, 1915.) 



PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS. GOVERN- 

 MENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON, D. C. 



The Reseeding of Depleted Grazing Lands to Cultivate Forage Plants. 

 (Department Bulletin No. 4.) Price, 10 cents. 



Grazing Industry of the Bluegrass Region. (Department Bulletin No. 397.) 

 Price, 5 cents. 



The Utilization of Logged-off Land for Pasture in Western Oregon and West- 

 ern Washington. (Farmers' Bulletin No. 462.) Price, 5 cents. 



Stock-watering Places on Western Grazing Lands. (Farmers' Bulletin No. 

 592.) Price, 5 cents. 



Grazing and Floods : A Study of Conditions in Manti National Forest, Utah. 

 (Forestry Bulletin No. 91.) Price, 10 cents. 



WASHINGTON : GOVERN MEXT PRINTING OFFICE : 1917 



