THE APPLE LEAF-SEWER. 



to the leaf at equal distances from the midrib. At the beginning, 

 this web is about three-eighths of an inch in width and somewhat 



Fig. 1.— Apple leaf-sewer (Ancylis nubeculana) : a, Apple leaf showing location of silken covering of newly- 

 hatched larva; b, portion of same, murli enlarged; c, newly hatched larva, much enlarged. (Original.) 



greater in length, but gradually the outer edges of the leaf are drawn 

 together and at the end of 24 hours are completely joined (fig. 3, a). 



Fig. 2. — The apple leaf-sewer: Work of young larva on leaf. 

 (Original.) 



In constructing this web and weaving the 

 strands of silk from the sides over the mid- 

 rib, the larva appears to exert no force, and 

 the drawing together of the upper sides of 

 the leaf probably results from contraction of 

 the silken strands in drying. 



When the leaf has been folded in this fash- 

 ion, the larva sews the two halves securely 

 together with silk immediately under the 

 edges. Within this folded leaf (see PI. I, fig. 

 1) the insect continues to eat the upper par- 

 enchyma, the excrement being deposited within the fold near the 

 stem end (PI. I, fig. 3). The leaf soon begins to present a scorched 

 appearance and the larva eventually gnaws a hole through the 



Fig. 3.— The apple leaf-sewer: a, 

 Folded leaf showing how feeding 

 larva is protected; b, full-grown 

 larva, much enlarged. (Origi- 

 nal.) 



