THE APPLE LEAF-SEWEE. 



Table I. — Length of pupal period of wintering larvae of the apple leaf-sewer, 



Winchester, Va., 1915. 



No. of 

 observation. 



Date of— 



Length 

 of pupal 

 period. 



Pupa- 

 tion. 



Emer- 

 gence of 

 moth. 



1 



Apr. 10 

 Apr. 21 

 Apr. 22 

 May 4 

 .. do 



May 13 



...do 



May 15 

 May 26 

 May 27 

 May 28 

 June 1 

 June 4 

 June 6 



...do 



June 3 

 June 8 

 June 7 



...do 



June 8 

 June 7 

 June 8 



...do 



Days. 

 24 

 22 

 23 

 22 

 23 

 24 

 27 

 27 

 29 

 29 

 26 

 30 

 27 

 27 

 28 

 27 

 27 

 27 



2 



3 



4 



5 



7................. 



...do 



...do 



8 



May 8 

 do... 



9 



10 



11..., 



...do 



...do 



12 



May 9 

 May 11 

 ...do 



13 



14 



15 ...do 



16 ...do 



17 1 May 12 



18 ...do 



Max I 



30 

 22 

 26.05 



Min 1 





Av .... 





1 





The longest pupal period observed was 30 days, the shortest 22 

 days, and the average of the 18 observations 26.05 days. The 

 records at Winchester show a much longer duration of this stage than 

 has been observed by others, though data from other sources- are 

 rather limited. Johannsen, in 1909, states that in Maine the larvae 

 transform to chrysalids during April and that about 10 days later the 

 moths begin to appear. 



EMERGENCE OF MOTHS. 



Table I gives the time of appearance of moths that emerged at 

 Winchester in the spring of 1915 from field-collected rearing material, 

 with the exception of the first adult, which appeared in the laboratory 

 on May 7, and upon which no pupal record was obtained. The main 

 emergence, however, did not begin until the latter part of May. 



As before stated, pupation takes place within the folded leaf. 

 When ready to emerge the pupa forces its body through the edges or 

 some convenient crevice of the folded leaf until about half the body 

 is projected. The moth then emerges, crawls about upon the dead 

 leaf, and holds the wings over the head to dry, leaving the discarded 

 pupal skin hanging through the leaf (fig. 5, a). The moths emerge 

 during the early hours of the morning, several having been observed 

 drying their wings at that time. 



The moth is extremely difficult to detect in the orchard, but on 

 three separate occasions, May 27, June 3, and June 6, adults were 

 captured in the field, which verifies to some extent the emergence 

 period observed in the laboratory. 



