56 BULLETIN 



of stock must use these strips of range, and injury can not be avoided. How- 

 ever, all practicable means should be used to conserve the stand of forage by 

 furnishing sufficient feed for the stock using the driveways to reduce the injury 

 to reproduction to a minimum. In order to accomplish this, it is recommended 

 that driveways be used as little as possible; that, whenever practicable, they 

 be closed to grazing except by passing stock ; that a sufficient number be estab- 

 lished to prevent overgrazing ; and that water be furnished in abundance at 

 proper intervals along them. 



These conclusions and recommendations are sound, and should be 

 considered seriously in the location and use of stock driveways. It 

 might also be well to consider the possibility of increasing the num- 

 ber of driveways and adopting a system of rotation in their use, so 

 as to give each driveway protection against grazing during the grow- 

 ing season for, say, two years in succession out of each four-year 

 period. In some cases it may be possible and necessary to narrow the 

 driveway to the width actually necessary to drive a band of sheep 

 over and to provide supplemental grazing areas at intervals along the 

 way where the sheep can be furnished the amount of grazing neces- 

 sary for their maintenance en route. Should this be done, the dis- 

 tance between grazing areas and the amount of grazing required for 

 each band at each stop should be determined with care, so as to pre- 

 vent overgrazing as well as unnecessary consumption of forage 

 en route. The grazing areas might be numbered and a plan devel- 

 oped whereby the first half of the stock to pass over the driveway 

 would use only a designated number of grazing areas, leaving the rest 

 fresh for later stock. 



It should be understood that these are only suggestions for consid- 

 eration in adjusting any given driveway problem. No definite policy 

 can be offered at this time. Careful study of the problem on every 

 important grazing Forest is urged. The cumulative annual damage- 

 by this time may have reached a stage where a change in a driveway 

 or a portion of it is imperative. A driveway should not be looked 

 upon as a thing fixed for all time, and therefore of no further con- 

 cern. Each driveway should be inspected annually to determine the 

 condition of the range, the damage to timber growth, the extent of 

 erosion, if any, and possible changes to minimize damage and facili- 

 tate movement of stock to and from the range. 



RANGE RESEEDIXG. 



SEEDING TO CULTIVATED FORAGE PLANTS. 



The grazing capacity of western range lands varies from small 

 meadows where a few acres will support a cow during the summer 

 grazing season to lands where 100 acres will barely support a cow 

 throughout the year. Between these extremes there are all grades 

 of range, with the greater part somewhere near the average of 2 



