64 BULLETIN 790, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



"Where the spring cattle range is fenced off from the summer 

 range there still is difficulty in securing adequate control of the 

 cattle. It will probably be many years before division fences are 

 built to provide for deferred and rotation grazing on small units, 

 in accordance with the sample plan of this chapter. But cattle units 

 ordinarily are large ; and if they are kept large, as suggested in the 

 paragraphs on Management of Cattle, deferred and rotation grazing 

 should eventually be made possible by division fences on both spring 

 and summer range. With this end in view, comprehensive plans 

 for the future management of each cattle unit should be developed 

 as soon as possible, so that fences constructed for other purposes 

 will fit into the plan ultimately to be put into effect. At least, care 

 should be exercised in the location of all fences to see that they will 

 not interfere with the proper division and management of the range 

 unit as a whole. 



Meantime deferred grazing can be secured to a considerable extent 

 on parts of cattle range in need of it by salting the stock away from 

 the area to be protected, and in some cases by closing watering 

 places on the area until after seed maturity of the important forage 

 plants. Part of the stock accustomed to grazing the area during 

 the early part of the grazing season will graze the protected area, 

 regardless of insufficient salt arid water, but a reduction of 50 per 

 cent in the number that the area is supposed to carry will result in 

 the protection of at least a part of the vegetation. 



The problem of controlling the stock is not a difficult one in the 

 case of sheep, so long as the range area to be grazed or protected 

 from grazing is large enough to accommodate a band of from 1.000 

 to 1,500 head of ewes and their lambs under herding. On ranges 

 of high grazing capacity, and not divided into small parts by 

 canyons and ridges, to confine the band to the area represented by 

 one-third of the grazing capacity might necessitate too close herd- 

 ing for the good of either sheep or range. Such a case might readily 

 occur on a high, sparsely timbered summer range grazed only for 

 about six weeks, or on a spring range which is of high grazing 

 capacity, and used for only one or two months. In either case, how- 

 ever, the range involved is used from a number of central camps. 

 Instead of using the camps in the same order every year, the order 

 can be changed so that during a period of five or six years the range 

 used from each camp will stand its share of grazing prior to seed 

 maturity, so far as is consistent with the use of the range when the 

 forage is suitable for sheep. Such a plan is shown in figure 3. 



In a few cases the difficulty of adjustment has been overcome by 

 using three or four sheep allotments as the unit for a system of 

 deferred ai*d rotation grazing, one allotment at a time being pro- 



