RANGE MANAGEMENT ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS. 65 



tected until after seed maturity. This plan involves frequent redi- 

 vision of range or departure from individual ranges for each band 

 during the grazing season. It may work satisfactorily in some 

 cases, but not generally. If it is necessary in order to build up an 

 area, however, such a plan with its accompanying readjustments 

 should be followed. The application of this plan would involve 

 the substitution of allotments for the subdivisions in figure 4 and in 

 the example given on page 61. 



It would be difficult and perhaps unnecessary to discuss further 

 the local problems to be overcome in applying deferred grazing. The 

 suggestions given here and in the paragraphs on Grazing Periods 

 and Grazing Capacity will make clear the importance of giving each 

 portion of the range the maximum opportunity for unhindered 

 growth after the growing season opens. Where possible a system of 

 deferred and rotation grazing should be put into application. Where 

 the application of such a system is not possible at the present time 

 it should be provided for in working out future plans of manage- 

 ment. Meantime, the period of using the range from a given camp 

 on sheep range should be varied from year to year so as to distribute 

 the early grazing as far as practicable. On cattle range, salting, 

 closing water, and .riding should be resorted to in the absence of 

 fences to distribute early and late grazing ; but the aim should be to 

 have the cattle ranges grazed under a system of deferred and rota- 

 tion grazing ultimately, as a means of maintaining the forage pro- 

 duction under maximum grazing. Improvement varying from a few 

 per cent to several hundred per cent has been brought about in partly 

 depleted ranges as a result of following this system of grazing; and 

 new evidence is available each season indicating that probably 25 

 per cent more stock can be carried on a range year after year under a 

 deferred and rotation grazing system than on the same range with 

 no effective provision for distributing the grazing prior to seed ma- 

 turity, or no adequate provision for natural revegetation. 



Additional references {arranged chronologically) . 



Kennedy, P. B. Cooperative Experiments with Grasses and Forage Plants. 

 U. S. Division of Agrostology, Bulletin 22, 1900. 



Lamson-Scribner, F. Economic Grasses. U. S. Division of Agrostology, Bulle- 

 tin 14, 1900. 



Hitchcock, A. S. Cultivated Forage Crops of the Northwestern States. U. S. 

 Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin 31, 1902. 



Nelson, Elias. Native and Introduced Saltbushes. Wyoming Agricultural Ex- 

 periment Station, Bulletin 63, 1904. 



Cotton, J. S. Range Management in the State of Washington. U. S. Bureau of 

 Plant Industry, Bulletin 75, 1905. 



Cotton, J. S. The Improvement of Mountain Meadows. TJ. S. Bureau of Plant 

 Industry, Bulletin 127, 1908. 



Griffiths, D. The Reseeding of Depleted Range and Native Pastures. U. S. 

 Bureau of Plant Industry, Bulletin 117, 1907. 



Vinall, H. N. Meadow Fescue; Its Culture and Uses. U. S. Department of 

 Agriculture, Farmers' Bulletin 361, 1909. 

 111479°— Bull. 790—19 5 



