66 BULLETIN "CO U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 



Griffiths, D. A Protected Stock Range in Arizona. U. S. Bureau of Plant 

 Industry, Bulletin 177, 1910. 



Tliornber, ,7. J. The Grazing Ranges of Arizona. Arizona Agricultural Experi- 

 ment Station, Bulletin 65, 1910. 



Sampson, Arthur W. Range Improvement by Deferred and Rotation Grazing. 

 U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 34, 1933. 



Jardine, James T. Improvement and Management of Native Pastures in the 

 West. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Yearbook 1915, pp. 299-310 ; Year- 

 book Separate 67S. 



Douglas. L. H. Deferred and Rotation Grazing. Hayden National Forest, 

 Wyoming. National Wool Grower, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. 11-14, October, I915. 1 



Wooton, E. O. Factors Affecting Range Management in New Mexico. U. S. 

 Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 211, 1915. 



Wooton, E. O. Carrying Capacity of Grazing Ranges in Southern Arizona. 

 U. S, Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 36, 17916. 



Jardine, James T.,- and Hurtt, L. C. Increased Cattle Production on South- 

 western Ranges. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 588, 1917. 



Srmpson, Arthur W. Important Range Plants. U. S. Department of Agricul- 

 ture, Bulletin 545. 1917. 



Sampson, Arthur W. Climate and Plant Growth in Certain Vegetative Asso- 

 ciations. U. S. Department of Agriculture, Bulletin 700, 1918. 



Sar:p -on, Arthur W. Plant Succession in Relation to Range Management. 

 U. S. Department of Agirculture, Bulletin 791, 191& 



GRAZING AND PROTECTION OF TIMBER, WATERSHEDS, GAME, 

 AND RECREATIONAL USE, 



POLICY. 



" Xational Forests have for their objects to insure a perpetual sup- 

 ply of timber, to preserve the forest eover, which regulates the flow 

 of streams, and to provide for the use of all resources which the 

 forests contain, in the ways which will make them of largest service." 2 

 If the suggestions given in preceding sections on the fundamental 

 principles generally applicable in grazing management are followed 

 in practice, damage to the forests will be limited to individual cases 

 where a combination of factors makes special treatment necessary to 

 insure the proper protection of the timber resources and watersheds. 

 On the other hand, the damage may be widespread and unwarranted 

 if division of the range among different classes of stock, periods of 

 grazing, grazing capacity, and management of the stock are not 

 worked out with a reasonable degree of efficiency along the lines 

 suggested. 



PROTECTION OF TIMBER. 



CONIFER SPECIES. 



Through investigation and experience over a period of years a 

 number of important principles have been developed for harmoniz- 

 ing' grazing use with the production of timber. The intensive investi- 

 gations on the effects of grazing upon the reproduction of conifer 

 species have been concentrated mainly on western yellow pine. The 

 suggestions based upon these investigations, however, will serve as a 



1 A few reprints available in Forest Service. Washington, D. C. 



2 IT. S. Forest Service. The National Forest Manual; Regulations and Instructions, 



