RANGE MANAGEMENT ON THE NATIONAL FORESTS. 79 



16. Is any part of the range in need of reseeding? If so, what plan 

 must be followed to bring about the desired improvement? Ordi- 

 narily, these areas correspond to the overgrazed areas represented 

 on the utilization map, making it unnecessary in most cases to pre- 

 pare a special map showing the area of forest lands in need of 

 reseeding. 



17. Are there any areas where an intensive grazing reconnaissance 

 is urgently needed to make adjustments in grazing management? 



TYPE CLASSIFICATION. 



In making an intensive grazing reconnaissance 10 different type 

 divisions are used : 



1. Grassland other than meadow. 



2. Meadow. 



3. Weed range. 



4. Sagebrush. 

 5> Browse. 



6. Conifer. 



7. Waste range in dense timber and 



brush. 



8. Barren, rock slides, cliffs, and 



denuded areas. 



9. Woodland, pinion, .and juniper. 

 10. Aspen. 



These types are first indicated on the field map by numbers and 

 symbols and later translated into colors. In inspection work the 

 typing is greatly generalized, and each unit is given a type designa- 

 tion on the basis of the predominating species. The general aspect 

 of the range is the best guide in determining this classification. The 

 forage species are only occasionally conspicuous enough to contribute 

 to the aspect of the range. If, for instance, a range supports enough 

 aspen to make it at once apparent that this species is the most con- 

 spicuous, the area would be classified as an aspen type. There might 

 be numerous grass or weed parks of considerable size that would be 

 thrown into this general aspen type. In other instances a range 

 might support sufficient sagebrush to give the landscape a general 

 sagebrush aspect. The sagebrush might not be the most abundant 

 species in the type, yet, because of its conspicuous habit, the area 

 supporting sage should be classified as a sagebrush type. 



FORAGE ESTIMATES. 



Some means must be used to indicate the relative amounts of forage 

 within each type and on different types. Ordinarily, this can 

 be done best by the use of decimals. If the decimal 0.6 is used, this 

 would indicate that there are 6 forage acres 1 for every 10 surface 

 acres in the type. If the decimal 0,3 is used, this would indicate that 

 the type supports 3 forage acres for every 10 surface acres, or only 

 half as much forage per unit area as the first. These figures should 

 be entered on the face of the map if the map used in making the 

 inspection is fairly reliable. An estimate should be made and 

 entered upon the map whenever there is a marked change in the stand 

 of forage. 



1 For definition of forage acre see footnote, p. 27. 



