THE NAVEL ORANGE OF BAHIA. 15 
orchards, and in addition several new ones, were found to be present 
in Bahia. The type known in California as the “Australian Navel” 
orange, characterized by a somewhat corrugated appearance and 
flattened shape, was observed in several groves. In some cases the 
production of these fruits was limited to certain limbs on a tree or 
even to certain fruit spurs; in other cases there were entire trees of 
this type. “Australian Navel” oranges are inferior in quality, and 
the great vegetative vigor of the tree is correlated with a poor yield 
of fruit. Another type was found in which the fruits have a small 
and almost rudimentary navel. Opposed to this were forms with 
the navels extremely large and in several instances protruding. 
These and other types were studied with the object of determining, 
if possible, whether there existed in Bahia any navel oranges superior 
to those already known in California and therefore worthy of intro- 
duction into the United States. Bud wood of a number of the most 
promising of these forms was secured and they are being tested in 
California and Florida. Because of the important effect of climate 
on the size and character of the fruit, it is impossible to determine in 
advance whether types which appear valuable in Bahia will retain 
- their characteristics in the United States. This can only be decided 
by a trial. 
CITRUS FRUITS OF BAHIA OTHER THAN THE NAVEL ORANGE. 
In addition to the navel orange there are several other citrus fruits 
which are cultivated to a limited extent in Bahia. One of the most 
important of these is the tangerine, grown commercially in a small 
way, the trees usually being scattered among the orange trees in 
the orchards. (PI.1.) The bitter or sour orange (Citrus aurantium 
L.), which already has been mentioned in connection with propaga- 
tion, is usually represented by one or two trees in each grove, which 
provide seed for nursery purposes. Sweet and sour lemons and the 
common lime are occasionally seen, the hme usually being present 
in the markets in small quantities. 
Good grapefruits are unknown in Bahia. A few fruits seen in a 
garden near the city, which appeared to be inferior forms of the 
shaddock (Citrus grandis (.) Osbeck), were seedy and thick skinned, 
and no use was made of them. The so-called “ lime orange,” laranja 
lima (Citrus sp.), which appears to be more common in Rio de 
Janeiro, was seen in an orchard at Agua Comprida, about 20 miles 
from Bahia. It is the size of an ordinary orange, very juicy, and 
combines the taste of the orange and the lime. The citron (C. medica 
L.) and one or two other citrus fruits are occasionally grown, more 
as curiosities than anything else. 
