14 BULLETIN 445, U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. | 
as the better; others who relish a slight degree of acidity would 
give the California product first place. 
Analyses made by H. C. Gore, Chemist in Charge of the Fruit 
and Vegetable Utilization Laboratory, Bureau of Chemistry, United 
States Department of Agriculture, show the principal differences in 
chemical composition of 42 navel oranges from Bahia, Brazil, and 
13 from Riverside, Cal. Those from Brazil were picked on January 
2, 1914, at which time they should have been fully ripe, since they 
were fruits of the December crop. Those from Riverside, Cal., were 
picked about the end of March, 1910, and were also fully ripe. The 
comparison should therefore be a fair one. (Table IT). 
Tarte II.—Comparative analyses of navel oranges grown at Riverside, Cat., and 
at Bahia, Brazil. 
Hercentage Analysis of juice. 
Aver- A 
Source of fruit. Bee: ; Alka Asinvert. 
weight. Rag | Acid linity of |_———_— 
Peel. cin | eo ae Solids.| Ash. | soluble | po. aes 
pulp.|8!24!"Y-| citric). ash duc-|Su ge 
-| Sugar. 
Bahia, Brazil: Grams. 
Average of 42 fruits.| 366 20.4) 1.5 | 1.0376 | 0.466} 9.4 | 0.353 0.24 | 3.438 | 7.48] 3.85 
California: - 
Hermosa ranch— 
Average of 5 fruits 
from sandy soil.| 199 29.1 | 1.69 | 1.0633 | 1.09 | 15.47 Atel -23 | 6.44 | 12.40] 5.66 
Average of 4 fruits = 
from adobe soil.| 193 31.2 | 2.04 | 1.0638 | 1.09 | 15.57] .49 -22 | 6.08 | 12.72] 6.31 
eee 235 34.0 | 1.89 | 1.0572 | 1.08 | 14.06 55 8 | 5.60} 10.93 | 5.07 
Average of 4 fruits. { 210.5 | 31.2 | 1.97 | 1.0585 | 1.01 | 14.36] .49 .18 | 5.41 | 11.29] 5.58 
It will be seen from Table II that the percentage of peel or rind is 
considerably lower in Bahian fruits than in those grown in Cali- 
fornia. The percentage of “rag,’ by which term is designated the 
fibrous matter which remained after all soluble substances were 
washed out of the pulp, is slightly lower in Bahia than in California. 
The most noteworthy features of the chemical analysis of the juice 
are the low percentage of citric acid and the low percentage of sugar 
in the Bahian product as compared with that of California. 
Table II brings out the difference between humid-climate fruits 
grown in an equable temperature and those of an arid climate with 
decided drops in temperature. The dry climate and continuous sun- 
shine of California give the sugar, while the decided drop in winter 
temperature tends to develop the organic acids and also color. 
Decided variation, thought to be bud variation, was observed in 
every orchard, not only in the fruits but in the vegetative characters 
of the tree as well. All of the various types originating through bud 
variation which have been observed and defined in the California 
